PARALLEL SENTENCES:

TENSE USAGE
wayan_sukarini@unud.ac.id
1. THE PRESENT
A. simple present
B. present continuous
C. present perfect
D. present perfect continuous
EXAMPLES and EXERCISES
◦ 1. He doesn’t work in an office; he works in a department store.
◦ She/school/technical college

◦ 2. Are you looking for Jack? I think he’s washing the car.
◦ Play/piano/read/music

◦ 3. The caretaker has just switched the light on.

◦ workmen/put/overalls

◦ 4. I’ve been using the typewriter since Christmas.

◦ she/design/clothes/last year
2. THE PAST
• A. simple past

• B. past continuous

• C. past perfect

• D. past perfect continuous

EXAMPLES and EXERCISES
• 1. The doctor gave me a prescription yesterday.
a. She/read/story/last night
b. The author/show/the manuscript/in February
2. She was looking for a grocer’s when I met her.
a. The nurse/chemist’s/notice
b. The policeman/telephone kiosk/knock into
3. The manager had already left when I telephoned.
a. Weather/improve/leave
b. Accident/occur/appear
4. At the time of his death he had been drinking too much.
a. Her examination/work/too hard
b. Their discovery/experiment/for ten years
3. THE FUTURE and CONDITIONAL
• A. be going to

• B. will (modal auxiliary)….present

• C. would…..past

• D. would have…….past perfect

• E. present……future perfect continuous

• F. past perfect continuous…….would present perfect

• G. future perfect

• H. present continuous…..simple present

EXAMPLES and EXERCISES
• 1. He is going to plant some trees tomorrow.
• a. they/leave/Paris/in two day’s time
• b. we/sell/house/next year

2. I will do if I have enough time.

a. she/buy/money
b. reporter/write/information

3. He would do if he was clever enough.

• a. the manager/organize/intelligent
• b. the boy/learn/hard-working
4. She would have done it if she had not been too ill.
the team/win/lazy
5. If you call at 9 o’clock, he will still be having breakfast.
get/to the zoo/6 p.m./feed the lions
6. If she hadn’t been playing tennis, she wouldn’t have broken her leg.
dog/bark/so loudly/we/discover/burglar
7. By the end of the year he will have flown 100.000miles
holiday/recover/his health
8. I’m seeing him tomorrow; at least I hope to see him then.
we/finish/the redecoration/on Sunday;/need
4. THE PASSIVE
Examples:
1. The gun he carries is never loaded
a. lorry/drive/usually/overload; b. piano/play/often/hire
2. The man didn’t know the answer. The answer wasn’t known.
a. teacher/understand/question; b. storm/sink/ship
3. The dog hasn’t been trained.
a. money/deposit; b. flight/authorize
4. The film will be shown next week.
a. machine/test/next month; b. wheat/plant/in spring
5. INDIRECT SPEECH
• The use of verbs among others: say, tell, ask, order, suggest, inform, wonder.

Examples:
1. He says he’s doing his homework.
2. The teacher told me to obey him.
3. She asked me where I was going.
4. He wondered whether (if) he should repeat the story.
5. The captain ordered the ship to be abandoned.
6. The doctor suggested that I should have a month’s rest.
6. ANOMALOUS FINITES
EXAMPLES:
1. You needn’t buy the book now, but you must buy it sooner or later.
2. Can I go now? No, you mustn’t go yet.
3. He may not pay the bill, although he knows he ought to.
4. We are to meet them at half past five.
5. It might rain, but I don’t think it will.
6. He could speak Italian when he was ten.
7. He was able to climb the mountain in spite of the snow.
8. She daren’t run on the slope; she might slip.
9. They haven’t arrived; they must have lost the way.
10. 10you ought to have come earlier; you could easily done so.
8. INFINITIVE and ‘ing’-form
• Examples:

• 1. He agreed to do the job.

• 2. We helped them dig up the potatoes.

• 3. I obliged the children to do their homework.

• 4. You should find out how to do this puzzle.

• 5. He hates eating rice pudding.

• 6. The housewife smelt the cake burning.

• 7. Did you mind me borrowing your umbrella?

• 8. It would be difficult to refuse the invitation.

• 9. We have brought some chairs to sit on.

• 10. She began to cry after hearing the news.

• REFERENCE:
◦ Spencer, D.H. 1967. Guided Composition Exercises. Longman.