HDI OF SOUTH

SUDAN AND
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INTRODUCTION

▸The following presentation will

offer a brief insight into the
comparative GDPs and relative
living standards of both Germany
and South Sudan.
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KEY FACTS ON GERMANY

Life Expectancy at birth: 81.2 years
Literacy rate: 99%
GDP Per Capita: $45,229
Infant Mortality Rate: 0.32%
Exports and Imports as a % of GDP: 86.9%
Doctors per thousand people: 3.4
Population: 82.1 million
Median age: 45.9 years
Rank on HDI: 5th, HDI of 0.936
Unemployment Rate: 3.5%
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GERMANY
• It has the largest national economy in Europe, the fourth-largest by nominal GDP in the world, and
fifth by GDP (PPP).

• In 2016, Germany recorded the highest trade surplus in the world worth $310 billion, making it the
biggest capital exporter globally.

• Germany is the third largest exporter in the world with 1.21 trillion euros in goods and services exported
in 2016.

• The service sector contributes around 70% of the total GDP, industry 29.1%, and agriculture 0.9%.

• Exports account for 41% of national output.

• The top 10 exports of Germany are vehicles, machinery, chemical goods, electronic products, electrical
equipment, pharmaceuticals, transport equipment, basic metals, food products, and rubber and plastics.
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ECB CONSIDERS ENDING FISCAL

STIMULUS
• Germany, Europe’s largest economy, gets much of its growth from exports.
• Its strength is one reason the European Central Bank remains confident it can end its bond-
purchase stimulus program at the end of the year.
• The monetary stimulus involves the central bank for the 19 countries that use the euro
purchasing government and corporate bonds from banks with newly printed money, a step
which is aimed at increasing credit, growth and inflation.
• The trade cease-fire between the European Union and U.S. President Donald Trump
boosted optimism among German business executives heavily dependent on trade for their
profits, a closely watched economic index showed Monday.
• The Ifo institute index rose to 103.8 points from 101.7 in July. The result was better than
the 101.8 expected by market analysts.
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PORSCHE TURNS ITS BACK ON DIESEL

ENGINES
• Porsche's chief executive says the sports car maker won't produce any new diesel
models in the wake of parent company Volkswagen's diesel emissions scandal.

• Although Porsche itself never developed and produced diesel engines, its image
has suffered from the scandal that erupted in 2015. He was quoted as saying the
company wants to concentrate on "what we can do particularly well," citing high-
performance gasoline models, hybrids and starting next year electric cars.
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GERMANY TOO RELIANT ON RUSSIAN

RESOURCES?
• The Federation of German Industry (BDI) on Monday
defended the controversial Nord Stream 2 project that will expand Russia's natural gas
supplies to Germany while bypassing Poland and Ukraine.
• In July, US President Donald Trump accused Germany of being a "captive" of Russia due
to its energy reliance and urged Berlin to halt work on the $11 billion (€9.4 billion),
Russian-led gas pipeline to be built in the Baltic Sea.
• German business leaders have frequently rejected charges of their country being too
dependent on Russian energy. Kempf said Germany was open to diversifying its sources,
but added that purchases "would ultimately be determined on economic grounds."
• Despite the current row, US companies said earlier this month they expected to begin
delivering liquefied natural gas (LNG) to Germany in four years at the latest
and would challenge Russia which now accounts for 60 percent of German gas imports.
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SOUTH SUDAN KEY FACTS

· Life expectancy – 57.3 years
· Education attainment – 4.8 years
· GNI per capita - $963
· HDI rating of 0.388
· Placed 187 out of 189 countries in the world for HDI
· Life expectancy has increased by 14 years since 1990, however education rates have
remained the same, GNI per capita has decreased by 54% since 2010 (from over $2000 in
2010 to $963 in 2017), and HDI has also decreased by 6% since 2010
· Inequality adjusted HDI – 0.247
· 14 murders per 100,000 people
· Population – 12.6 million
· 50% of population are using improved drinking water sources, although only 10% are using
improved sanitation and only 5.9% of the rural population have access to electricity
· “Children are less likely to receive education than any other children in the world” (Gov.uk)
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THE EFFECTS OF THE SOUTH SUDAN

CIVIL WAR
Since the South Sudan civil war between the SPLM (government) and the
SPLM-IO (a rebel group opposing government) of 2013-2015 seeing over
100,000 deaths, tensions are still rising between the SPLM-IO rebel leader
Riek Machar and president Salva Kiir. With the South Sudan Peace Deal of
June 27, 2018 between the two groups, United Nations viewed it as an
agreement moving South Sudan in the right direction. However, recently,
Machar has rejected a meeting with president Kiir to the capital city of Juba,
as he claims it “isn’t safe” and does not believe that president Kiir has done
his part of the agreement (which was to free all prisoners of war and political
prisoners), meaning tensions are rising again and could lead to yet another
civil war in South Sudan; may have to do with the fact that South Sudan are
not developing as a country at all.
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A COMPARISON OF GERMANY AND

SOUTH SUDAN
▸ From these facts and statistics, it is clear that living standards in Germany are much higher
than for those in South Sudan - there is a life expectancy of 57 years in South Sudan
compared to 81 years in Germany - the reasons for this are multifold:
▸ Having a much lower GDP, (£2400 vs £41900 per capita) means there is less available tax in
Sudan and therefore infrastructure such as health services and sanitation are much less
developed. Equally, the vast majority of the population live in true poverty - most villages
still have no electricity or running water.
▸ Education levels are much lower in Sudan (27% adult literacy compared to 99% in
Germany) meaning people are less able to make informed choices and skilled jobs are less
available.