Water And Fertilizers

By: Manal Kashif

IX-CC
How to test the presence of water using
anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride ?
• Cobalt(II) chloride turns blue to pink on the addition of water. This
test is usually done using cobalt chloride paper
• The equation is :
anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride + water hydrated cobalt(II)
chloride
CoCl2 (s) + 6H2O (l) CoCl2.6H2O (s)
 How to test the presence of water using
anhydrous copper(II) sulfate?
• Anhydrous copper(II) sulfate turns from white to blue on the
addition of water
• The equation is:
• CuSO4 (s) + 5H2O (l) → CuSO4.5H2O (s)
Describe how to test for the purity of water
using melting point and boiling point
• A physical test to see if a sample of water is pure is to check its
boiling point
• A sample of the liquid is placed in a suitable container such as a
boiling tube and gently heated
• Using a thermometer, you can check if the boiling point is exactly
100 oC
• Any impurities present will usually tend to raise the boiling point
and depress the melting point of pure substance
 Why is distilled water is used in practical
chemistry rather than tap water?
• . Distilled water is basically inert, meaning nothing is in the water
but hydrogen and oxygen. Distillation kills most organic matter and
removes minerals from the water, making it an ideal control element
for science projects and laboratory tests.
Note:-
• Water from natural sources contain (a) dissolved oxygen (b) metal
compounds (c) plastics (d) sewage (e) harmful microbes (f) nitrates from
fertilizers (g) phosphates from fertilizers and detergents.
• Some of which are beneficial such as dissolved oxygen is essential for
aquatic life some metal compounds in water provide essential minerals
for life , which are essential for a healthy human body.
• Some of these substances are potentially harmful ,such as toxic metal
compounds which turn the water acidic and undrinkable , plastics which
harm aquatic life , sewage that contains harmful microbes which cause
diseases such as dengue and pneumonia some nitrates and phosphates
that lead to deoxygenation of water and damage to aquatic life.
treatment of the domestic water supply
1. Sedimentation :
It is the process of separating small particles , solids and sediments in water . This process
happens naturally when water is still because gravity will pull the heavier sediments down to
form a sludge layer. It is used to reduce amount of coagulation or concentration of particles.
2. Carbon in form of charcoal is added to remove tastes and odors in water.
Activated carbon filters are used to remove unwanted tastes, odors, radon, and some man-made
volatile organic contaminants from drinking water.
3. Chlorination :
is the process of adding chloramine to drinking water to disinfect it and kill germs. The
particular type of chloramine used in drinking water disinfection is called monochloramine
which is mixed into water at levels that kill germs but are still safe to drink.
4. Filtration :
During filtration, the clear water passes through filters that have different pore sizes and are
made of different materials (such as sand, gravel, and charcoal). These filters remove dissolved
particles and germs, such as dust, chemicals, parasites, bacteria, and viruses.
Fertilizers
• Ammonium salts are sources of soluble nitrogen, so they can be used
as ‘nitrogenous’ fertilizers. They are manufactured on an industrial
scale, but they can also be made in the laboratory on a smaller scale.
 Ammonium nitrate , NH4NO3, and ammonium sulfate,
(NH4)2SO4, are two nitrogenous fertilizers.
• The letters "NPK" on a fertilizer label stand for nitrogen,
phosphorus, and potassium, the three primary nutrients plants need
to grow. These fertilizers contain nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium compounds to promote plant growth.