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Electricity
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What is Electricity?
 A form of energy
 Used to make electrical
appliances work

2
 Electric Current
 It is the rate of flow
of electrical
charge.
 The path that the
current flows
through is known
as a circuit.

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Electric Current

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 Potential Difference:
 The potential difference across any two
points is the amount of energy needed to
move one unit charge of electricity from one
point to the other.

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Resistance

 Resistance of the object=

Potential difference across its ends
Current flowing through it

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 Effects of an
Electric Current

Electrical energy can be transformed into other forms of energy to

produce many effects
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 Heating Effect of a Current
 Wire heats up as a current passes through
it
 Electrical energy is converted into heat
energy
 Heat produced depends on the resistance
of the wire
 Greater resistance, greater heat

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 Heating Effect of a Current
 Heating appliances have coils of wires
made of high resistance materials such as
nichrome
 Heating elements heat up when current
passes through them
 Heat produced is then used for ironing,
toasting, cooking and drying

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Heating Elements in Heating
Appliance

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Heating Appliances

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 Magnetic Effect of a Current
 An iron rod placed inside a coil of wire has
increased magnetic field when the current
is switched on
 When the current is switched off, the iron
loses its magnetism
 The set-up is known as an electromagnet

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 Magnetic Effect of a Current

• Used in many applications

• Gives a magnetic field that can be switched on
and off when desired 13
Applications of the Magnetic Effect
of Current

 Giant electromagnet
 Telephone
 Electric motors

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 Chemical
Effect of a
Current

 Liquids such as salt water, vinegar and copper sulphate

solution allow electricity to pass through them
 Liquids are known as electrolytes 15
 Chemical Effect of a Current
 Electrolysis: Chemical decomposition of
an electrolyte by an electrical current
 Electrodes: Two wires or plates through
which current enters and leaves the
electrolyte

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 Application of the Chemical
Effect of Current
 Electrolysis is used in electroplating
 Flow of current causes a thin layer of metal
to be deposited on the object to be
electroplated
 Electrolysis is also used in industries to
extract metals such as aluminium and
magnesium from their compounds

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Applications of Electroplating

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 Lighting Effect of a Current
 Heating effect of a current can also lead to
the lighting effect
 In a light bulb, the heat generated is so
great that the coiled filament begins to glow
and give out light

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Plasma ball and Test Pen

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 Miscellaneous
 http://www.pge.com/microsi
te/PGE_dgz/wires/resist.ht
ml
 http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/cus
tom/resources_ftp/client_ft
p/ks2/science/electricity_bo
ok1/index.htm

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