RADIO TECHNICAL

OPERATIONS
JOHN MARK MOLINA
 AM
Definition

AM stands for Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation

technique used in electronic communication, most

commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave.

AM & FM
RADIO
 AM
Definition

AM stands for Amplitude modulation (AM) is a modulation

technique used in electronic communication, most

commonly for transmitting messages with a radio wave.

AM - HISTORY
• James Clark Maxwell (1831-1879), the
father of modern physics, predicted the
existence of electromagnetic waves
beyond visible light. This means that
radio waves were predicted before they
were discovered.
AM - ORIGIN
AM method of audio transmission
was first successfully carried out in
the mid 1870s.
AM - HISTORY
• German physicist Heinrich Hertz
proved their existence in 1886.

• Just a decade later, Italian Guglielmo

Marconi had developed a practical
device for sending and receiving
radio signals.
AM - HISTORY
• In 1906, Reginald Fessenden broadcast a
message from Ocean Bluff-Brant Rock,
Massachusetts to ships at sea. The
broadcast was a version of O Holy Night
on the violin. This was the first use of
amplitude modulation, or what later
became known as AM radio.
AM - HISTORY
• When AM radio was developed, it
was just radio. Its creation
necessitated a host of laws and
regulations to make sure that there
wasn’t chaos on the airwaves. If
multiple sources are broadcasting
on the same frequency, radio
would be a mess and no one would
be able to listen to anything.
 AM - HISTORY
• There were other problems with AM beyond the
limitations of amplitude modulation. If you were inside a
building, AM signals would be more difficult to receive.
Most AM stations have to reduce their power or turn off
completely at night.
 FM Definition

Frequency Modulation (FM) is a form of modulation in which changes in the carrier wave

frequency correspond directly to changes in the baseband signal. As the name indicates,

frequency modulation is varies the frequency of the carrier in line with the intensity of the

modulating signal, which may often be audio, but may be any form of signal.
FM - HISTORY
• In 1933, American Edwin Armstrong
developed a new method to send audio
transmissions over radio waves. This
was known as frequency modulation.
This proved to be a far better way to
transmit sound than AM. It also
allowed for multiplexing signals,
which allowed for music to be
AM VS FM
 Frequency modulation is the advanced method of transmitting information when
compared to amplitude modulation in various aspects. Here are some of the
differences between frequency modulation and amplitude modulation.

Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation

• Frequencies ranges from 88 t0 108

• Frequencies ranges from 535 to 170
Kilohertz
• It is susceptible to noise and has low
sound quality
• Signal distortion issues are common
• Simple and less expensive circuit
design
• Power consumption is high and most
of them are wasted
Megahertz
• It is less susceptible to noise and has
great sound quality
• Signal distortion issues are rare
• Complex and expensive circuit
design
• Power consumption is low and has no
power wasted
AM AND FM RADIO FREQUENCIES
 ADVANTAGES OF AM AND FM

Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation

• Affordable • Better sound quality

• Easy to detect even in weak signals. • Less power consumption
• Narrow bandwidth and broader and
farther coverage.
• IT HAS A LOWER BANDWIDTH SO IT CAN HAVE MORE STATIONS
 DISADVANTAGES OF AM AND FM

Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation

• Signals get affected by storms • Continuous waves cannot be

broadcasted over a longer distance.
• Low signal quality

• One-sided communication • The signal is more local

• AM is more susceptible to noise because • Complicated and costly design

noise affects amplitude, which is where
information is "stored" in an am signal.
EQUIPMENTS
• SOUNDCRAFT EFX 8 MIXER (8 CHANNEL)
What is a Soundcraft EFX 8
Mixer?
It is an example of a sound mixer
with 8 channels which can be used
for mixing, balancing, and
combining different sounds.

Uses:
-Main Audio Mixer
 • 4 CHANNEL MIXER (BEHRINGER)

It is a Behringer brand sound

mixer with 4 channels.

Uses:
Anchors Mixer
 • LAPTOP

A laptop is a personal computer that

is small enough to sit in a person's lap,
and is designed for mobile uses.

Uses:
Anchors Palette,
Background music
 • DESKTOP

greater power, more sophisticated

software programs can be utilized
providing a wider range of types of
programs it can run.

Uses:
OBS
Live stream
 • VIDEO CARD

A graphics card is
primarily responsible for rendering
images on a display, be that photos,
videos, games, documents, your
regular desktop environment, a file
folder, and anything

Uses:
3 monitors and Rendering of Files
and Videos
 • LARGE DIAPHRAGM CONDENSER
A large diaphragm condenser microphone is
a mic that has a capsule that is between 32-
34 mm in diameter, but the actual
membrane inside the capsule is between 22-
27 mm or just under 1”. The size of the
capsule makes a lot of difference in how
your signal is going to sound after it’s
recorded.

Uses:
For Wider Guest and Singers
 • CLOSED-BACK OVER EAR
HEADPHONES
Headphones are a pair of small loudspeaker drivers
worn on or around the head over a user's ears. They
are electroacoustic transducers, which convert an
electrical signal to a corresponding sound.

Uses:
2 for Anchors
1 for Tech
 • HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER

A headphone amplifier is a low-powered audio

amplifier designed particularly to drive
headphones worn on or in the ears, instead of
loudspeakers in speaker enclosures.

Remarks:
4 Channels
 • MOBILE AUDIO INTERFACE
An audio interface is a hardware that
can increase the sonic capability of a
computer/cellphone.

Uses:
For mobile phone connectivity
(transmit and receive calls)
 • HDMI TO VGA CONVERTER
- An HDMI to VGA converter may be a
cheaper cable that connects an HDMI
signal from a computer to a VGA
connection on an older display.

Uses:
FOR OBS PC using Tri Monitor
 • DVI TO VGA CONVERTER
DVI to VGA Converter connects DVI
compatible systems with a DVI output
to VGA equipped monitors and
displays.

Uses:
FOR OBS PC using Tri Monitor
• DISPLAY PORT TO VGA CONVERTER
They allow you to use a monitor with a
VGA in with a video card that has a
display port out.

Uses:
FOR OBS PC using Tri Monitor
 • VGA SPLITTER
A VGA splitter, sometimes referred to
as a video splitter, allows multiple
monitors to be attached to one video
card.

Uses:
FOR OBS PC using Tri Monitor
 • HDMI SPLITTER
An HDMI splitter takes the HDMI signal
from one source and splits it into two
identical sources. HDMI splitters can
either be passive, simply splitting the
signal, or active, adding some additional
power to the split signals to compensate
for the loss of cutting a signal in half.

Uses:
FOR OBS PC using Tri Monitor
 • SPEAKER MONITOR (BEHRINGER)
Speaker monitors are loudspeakers that we
use specifically for audio and music
production. Theyre called monitor speakers
or studio monitors because theyre used for
monitoring critical listening during
recording, mixing, and mastering

Uses:
For Studio and Anchors booth
 • HEADSET AMPLIFIER
A headset amplifier is a low-powered
audio amplifier designed particularly to
drive headphones worn on or in the ears,
instead of loudspeakers in speaker
enclosures.

Uses:
For Headset monitoring of Anchor and Co
Anchor
 • DYNAMIC MICROPHONE (RODE)
Dynamic microphones operate on an
electromagnetic principle using a
diaphragm that is attached to a coil of
wire. It is able to handle high sound
pressure levels, like those delivered by a
kick drum, and provide good sound quality
in all areas of microphone performance

Uses:
Microphones for Anchors and Guest
 • CAMERA (WITH TRIPOD)
A camera is an optical instrument that
captures images. Most cameras can
capture 2D images, while some more
advanced models can capture 3D images.

Uses:
CAMERAS To Be used in Live Streaming
 • CAMERA (WITH TRIPOD)
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3
WEBCAM
DSLR Mirrorless Video Camera 3CCD
Logitech C922
Cannon M50 Panasonic AGAC30
(10 meters USB Cable)
 • RJ45 CABLE AND WIFI ROUTER
1. An RJ45 cable is primarily used to
connect devices over an Ethernet
connection.
2. A router is a networking device that
forwards data packets between
computer networks. Routers perform
the traffic directing functions between
networks and on the global Internet.

Uses:
Internet Connection
 • WIRELESS MICROPHONE
A wireless microphone, or cordless
microphone, is a microphone without a
physical cable connecting it directly to
the sound recording or amplifying
equipment with which it is associated.
 • SOUND PROOFING
Soundproofing is any means of impeding
sound propagation. There are several basic
approaches to reducing sound: increasing
the distance between source and receiver,
decoupling, using noise barriers to reflect
or absorb the energy of the sound waves,
using damping structures such as sound
baffles for absorption, or using active
antinoise sound generators.

Uses:
CAMERAS To Be used in Live Streaming
• LED LIGHTS WITH FILTER

Uses:
Studio Lights
 • TV 42 INCH WITH WALL MOUNTING
The 42 inch TV wall mounts with a flat
design ensure that your television is
smartly fixed against the wall.

Uses:
Prompter
• HDMI CABLES
(20M MAX)

Uses:
Laptop, TV, Camera Video Cables
 AUDIO CONNECTORS

MINI PL PL XLR RCA

Uses:
Output and Input of Audio
• DSLR CABLE
 • DOOR BELL

Uses:
In case of Problem or if the anchor
wants an assistant on the booth.
• USB C TYPE C TO HDMI USB HUB

Uses:
Laptop to TV
 • VIDEO CAPTURE

Uses:
CAMERA TO MAIN PC
• UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY

Stability – Provides Sufficient

Power to Electronic Devices

Uses:
Electronics Device such
as Computer
• UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY

An or uninterruptible power
source (UPS) is an electrical
apparatus that provides
emergency power to a load
when the input power source or
mains power fails.

Uses:
In case of Brownout. Your PC
still have 15 minutes before it
shutdown
 • GREEN SCREEN

Uses:
For Changeable Background
EQUIPMENT'S SET UP AND CONFIGURATION

Legends:
Input
Output
HDMI Cable
Live Stream
THANK YOU