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DENTAL
AUXILIARY
 TYPES OF DENTAL PERSONNEL

 DENTISTS

 DENTAL AUXILIARIES / ANCILLARIES

 FOUR HANDED DENTISTRY

ADVANTAGES:
 Enables the dentist to keep his
hand & his eyes in the field of
operation.
 He can work with less fatigue
& greater efficiency.
 DENTAL AUXILIARY

Is a person who is given responsibility by a dentist so

that he or she can help the dentist render dental care
but who is not himself or herself qualified with a
dental degree.

 In Britain,
Dental Auxiliaries --- Dental Ancillaries.
Auxiliary = Being helpful, Subsidiary.
Ancillary = Subservient, Subordinate.
 CLASSIFICATION

1. Operating Auxiliaries
 School Dental Nurse
 Dental Therapist
 Dental Hygienist
 Expanded Function Dental Auxiliary

2. Non Operating Auxiliaries

 Dental Surgery Assistant
 Dental Secretary / Receptionist
 Dental Laboratory Technician
 Dental Health Educator
 NON-
OPERATING
DENTAL
AUXILLARIES
 DENTAL SURGERY ASSISTANT:
•adental assistant is a non operating auxilary who assists
the dentist or the dental hygienist in treating patients,but
who is not legally permitted to treat patient independently.
•They only work under supervision of a liscensed dentist
•Called by various names in deifferent countries
•History:
oDr. C. Edmund Kell is credited as the founder of this
profession
oIn 1885, Dr. Kell hire a women as ‘lady in attendance’ to
replace his male ‘helper’ so that ladies who needed
treatment would feel at ease.
oThey performed routine housekeeping chores in the
operatory as well as clerical procedures of practice.
Duties of dental assistant
•reception of patient
•Preparation of the patient for any treatment he/she may need
•Preparation and provision of all necessary facilities such as
mouthwashes and napkins
•Sterilization,care and preparation of instruments
•Preparation and mixing of restorative materials including
both filling and impression material.
•Care of the patient after treatment until he/she leaves
including clearing away and preparation of instruments for
reuse
•Preparation of surgery
•Presentation of documents to the dental surgeon for hid
completion and filing of these
•Assistance with x-ray work and the processing and
mounting of x ray.
- Instruction of the patient , where necessary,in the correct
use of tooth brush
- after care of persons who have had general aesthetic
 DENTAL SECRETARY/RECEPTIONIST
•This is a person who assists the dentist with his scretarial
work and patient reception duties.
•He/she is responsible for performing clerical duties
•Some of this duties include typing,scheduling
appointments,filling patient’s records
•They also route incoming calls voicemail,routine letters
and operate office equipments
•He/she must be familiar with insurance rules and billing
practices and must keep track of patients payments.
Dental Lab Technician
•They are the non operating auxillary who fulfills
the prescription provided by dentist regarding the
extra oral appliances and bridge work.
•They are also known as dental mechanics.
•In some countries they are not considered
auxillary becouse in such countries their work is
mostly performed in commercial laboratories
rather than dental practice setting.
•They receive training through apperenticeship
which is associated with formal training at dental
school or technical college.
Duties :
•Casting of models from impressions made by the dentist
•Fabrication of dentures,splints,orthodontic
appliances,inlays, crowns and special tray
•The detal council of India ha prescribed that
•The course of studies should extend over a period of two
academic years and lead to qualification of dental mechanic
certificate.
•The candidate should be at least 15 years of age at the time of
admission or within three months of it and should be medically
fit
•The candidate must have passed at least matriculate exams of
a recognised university taking science subject or an equivalent
recognised qualification.
Denturist
•Itis a term applied to those dental lab technicians who
are permitted to fabricate dentures directly for patients
without a dentist’s prescription. They may be liscensed
or registered
•The ADA defines ‘denturism’ as the fitting and
dispensing of dentures illegally to public
•Several countries have allowed lab technicians to
work directly with the public
•However, the assosciation’s principal argument is that
dentist are unqualified to treat patients and that poor
quality care and even actual harm could result to
patients.
•The WHO expert committee on auxillary dental
personnel (1959) has recommended that only
qualified dentist may work directly on patient

.
Dental Health Educator:
 This is a person who instructs in the prevention of
dental disease and who may also be permitted to
apply preventive agents intra orally.
 In few countries,the duties of denta surgery
assistants have been extended to allow them to
carry out certain preventive procedures.
 In Sweden, two additional weeks of training are
given, after which auxillaries are allowed to
conduct Flouride mouthrinsing programs to group
of school children. However they cant undertake
any intraoral procedures
 DENTAL HYGIENISTS

Dental Hygienists is an operating auxiliary licensed

and registered to practice dental hygiene under the
laws of the appropriate state, province, territory or
nation.
 As per the Indian Dentists Act of 1948, dental
hygienists means a person not being a dentists or
medical practitioners, who scales, cleans or polishes
teeth or gives instruction in dental hygiene
 HISTORY & BACKGROUND

 C.M Wright in 1902 suggested the formation of a

subspecialty of the dental profession

 However, Wright never carried out his suggestion. The

man who put such ideas into practices was DR.
ALFRED CIVILIAN FONES of Bridgeport,
Connecticut.
 In 1905, Fones trained Mrs. Irene Newman in the
procedure of dental prophylaxis.

 In 1906 she was at work in Dr. Fones office & became the
1st dental hygienist.

 Dr Fones is considered as the “Father of Dental Hygiene”.

 FUNCTIONS
 Cleaning of teeth with particular attention to calculus
& stains.
 Topical application of fluorides & other prophylactic
solutions.
 Preliminary examinations of patients as individuals or
groups such as school children or industrial
employees. Later they may be referred to dentists for
treatment.
 Instruction for the maintenance of hygiene.
 Resource work in the field of dental health education.
 In public health program, the hygienist goes where
dentists cannot, & presents a point of view closer to
that of the children with whom she is usually closer
than could the dentist.
 SCHOOL DENTAL NURSE

This is a person, who is permitted to diagnose dental

disease & to plan & carry out certain specified
preventive & treatment measures, including some
operative procedures in the treatment of dental caries
& periodontal disease in defined groups of people,
usually school children.
 History
 The man who influenced its formation was DR. T.A
HUNTER, a founder of New Zealand dental
association & a pioneer in the establishment of dental
school in New Zealand.

 The dental nurse scheme was established in

Wellington, New Zealand in 1921.
 In Britain the 1st operating auxiliaries based on new
Zealand school dental nurse model graduated in 1962
 They were generally known as ‘New Cross’
auxiliaries, because the training school is located in
New Cross area of South London.
 Duties

 Dental examination
 Dental –health education
 Cleaning of teeth
 Cavity preparation
 Placement of cement bases & amalgam, silicate
synthetic porcelain & cement fillings.
 contd.
 The capping of exposed pulps.
 Extraction of primary & permanent teeth using infiltration
anesthesia.
 Instruction to not only to individuals but of groups such as
school classes, teachers & parent-teacher association.
 Now,

extraction of permanent teeth is not done

topical fluoride application - done

 EXPANDED FUNCTION DENTAL AUXILIARY
(EFDA)

An EFDA is a dental assistant or a dental hygienist in

some cases, who had received further training in
duties related to the direct treatment of patients,
though still working under the direct supervision of a
dentist.

Other Names
Expanded dental function assistant/
Expanded function dental hygienist/
Expanded function auxiliary/
Techno therapist/
Expanded duty dental auxiliary.
1960’s following a critical shortage of dentists.
In Alabama, a group of dental assistants were
trained over a 2 year period.

Functions:
a) Placing & removing rubber dams.
b) Placing & removing temporary restorations.
 contd…
c) Placing & removing matrix bands.
d) Condensing & carving amalgam restoration in
previously prepared teeth.
e) Placing of acrylic restorations in previously prepared
teeth.
f) Applying the final finish & polish to the
previously listed restorations.
 LEVEL OF TRAINING
 4 levels of training & qualification were recognized in
1974 :

1) Certified Dental Assistants :

Training course - 8 months, taught traditional
chair side duties. The only intra oral duty – exposing
radiographs.
2) Preventive Dental Assistant:

Trainee had to be a certified dental assistant. Full-time course:3-6

weeks.

Function:
a. Polish coronal portions of teeth without
instrumentation.
b. Take impressions for study models
c. Topical application of caries preventive agents.
d. Place & remove rubber dams.
e. Maintain patient oral hygiene
3) Dental hygienist :

Trainee should be a certified or a preventive dental assistant.Training-

8months.

Functions :
a) Carryout scaling
b) Conduct preliminary examination of the oral Cavity including case
history, periodontal examination, & recording clinical findings.
c) Complete prophylaxis including scaling, root planning, & polishing
of fillings.
d) Apply & removal of periodontal packs.
e) Apply fissure sealants.
4) Dental hygienist with expanded duties :

4 month Training to the dental hygienists who had at least 1

year practical experience.

Function:
a) Removing sutures
b) Placing, finishing & polishing restorations of amalgam &
resin.
c) Placing & removing matrix bands.
d) Placing cavity liners.
 contd...
e) Retracting gingiva for impression taking.
f) Fitting & removing orthodontic bands.
g) Separating of teeth prior to banding by a dentist.
h) Cementing temporary crowns previously fitted by
a dentist.
i) Placing temporary fillings.

In India, no such training course is available & no

auxiliary is allowed to do the above work.
 DENTAL LICENTIATE

Dental licentiate is a semi -independent operator, trained for not

less than 2 calendar years.

DUTIES:
 Oral prophylaxis
 Cavity preparation & filling of primary and permanent teeth.
 Extractions under local anesthesia.
 Drainage of dental abscesses
 Treatment of the most prevalent diseases of supporting tissue of the teeth.
 Early recognition of more serious dental condition .
 DENTAL AIDES

The dental aides are conceived to be persons of even

briefly training than the dental licentiate who would
perform functions somewhat similar to those of the
medical corpsmen now seen in military services.
DUTIES:

 Elementary 1st aid procedures for the relief of pain,

including extraction of teeth under local anesthesia.
 Control of hemorrhage.

 Recognition of dental disease important enough to

justify transportation of the patient to a center where
proper dental care is available
Thank you !!