Single I.V Single Continuous I.

V
bolus extravascular Infusion

Multiple
Multiple I.V Multiple
intermittent
bolus extravascular
infusions
 Single I.V Bolus ( One compartment ) Linear
• first-order process
• X= X0 • Cp = (Cp0)
• ln(X) = ln(X0) − • ln(Cp) = ln(Cp0) −
• log(X) = log(X0) −
• log(Cp) = log(Cp0) −
• t1/2 = 0.693/K
• k= 0.693/ t1/2

• Vd = =
• AUC = X0/kVd
Single Extravascular dose
• (X)t = ) • (Cp)t = )
• (X)t = after long time • (Cp)t = after long time

• Ka = 0.693/t1/2(abs)
• tmax =ln(Ka/K)/Ka K
• (Cp)max =FX0 /Vd
• AUC = FX0/kVd
Continuous I.V infusion
• X = (1 −) 1- Instantaneous and
• (Cp)t= (1 −) continuous steady state
• (Cp)ss = • loading intravenous bolus dose
• (Cp)ss VK = Q (DL) concomitant with the
commencement of the infusion
• Practical steady-state (4.32t1/2) rate:
• N =ln(1 − fss)/ − 0.693 • DL = V (Cp)ss
• DL = Q/K
Continue
2- Wagner's method for rapid
attainment of steady state
• =

• When T = t1/2
• =2
Multiple dosing: I.V bolus
Dost ratio (r) =
• (Cp)t = (Cp0)
• (Cp∞)t =
• (Cpn)t =
• (Cp∞)max Or (Cpss)max =
• (Cp∞)min Or (Cpss)min =
• (Cpn)max =

• (Cpn)min = • (Cpss)min=(Cpss)max
• (Cpss)average =
• n = ln(1 − fss)/0.693N
Multiple dosing : extravascular
• Dost ratio (r) =

• (Cpn)t = )
• tmax =ln(Ka/K)/Ka K

• t~max=
• tmax - t~max =
• (Cp1)max =FX0 /Vd
Multiple intermittent I.V infusions
• Continuous I.V infusion • (Css)t =
• (C)t= (1 −)
• (C)1 peak= (1 −infusion)
st • (Css)peak =
• (C)t = (Cp)1 .infusion
st

• (Css)trough = (Css)peak .infusion

• Adding dost ratio • = + t infusion
• (Cn)t = (Cp)1 • = (Css)peak .V.K