UNIT-1

S6-A & B
 INTRODUCTION TO MACRO CLIMATE
1. Elements of climate
2. Weather
3. Water cycle
4. Carbon cycle
5. Environmental Quality
6. Deforestation
7. Climatic change
8. Ozone depletion & implications.
 MACRO-CLIMATE:
The climate of a larger area
such as a region or a country.
What is an Environment ?
Environment can be defined as a sum
total of all the living & non-living
elements and their effects that
influence human life.
While all living or biotic elements are
animals, plants, forests, fisheries, and
birds, non-living or abiotic elements
include water, land, sunlight, rocks,
and air.
 Sustainability
(Architects ---Interior & Exterior)
 Climate is determined mainly by solar heat and
1. Elements of Climate glare, prevailing winds and humidity and rain.
Five major elements:
Temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity & precipitation.
Analysis of these elements can provide the basis for forecasting weather
and defining its climate.
Same elements make also the basis of climatology study

1.Temperature 2.Atmospheric Pressure

 1. Elements of Climate

3.Wind 5.Precipitation
water that falls from the
4.Humidity clouds towards the
ground, especially as
Humidity is the amount rain or snow:
of water vapor in the air.
 Definition:
The day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to the
temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind- speed, etc.
TYPES OF WEATHER

Definition for architects:

The Weather condition is a state of surroundings concerning the rain, wind, sunshine,
cloudiness, dryness, etc. with respect to buildings
 3.Water Cycle
1. Water cycle shows the continuous movement of water within the Earth & Atmosphere.
2. It is a complex system that includes many different processes.
3. Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back
to earth in the form of rain and snow.
4. It simple circular cycle of evaporation, condensation and precipitation.
 3.Water Cycle

2.https://www.youtube.com/
1. https://www.youtube.com watch?v=wccPuKMKdSc
/watch?v=lFgnymK7pJA
4. Carbon Cycle
Carbon Cycle Steps
1. Carbon present in the atmosphere is
absorbed by plants for photosynthesis.
2. These plants are then consumed by
animals and carbon gets bio
accumulated into their bodies.
3. These animals and plants eventually
die, and upon decomposing, carbon is
released back into the atmosphere.
 4. Carbon Cycle
Carbon Cycle Steps:
1. Carbon present in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants for photosynthesis.
2. These plants are then consumed by animals and carbon gets bio accumulated into their
bodies.
3. These animals and plants eventually die, and upon decomposing, carbon is released back
into the atmosphere.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzxckRZ58JQ
 5.Environmental Quality

Air pollution is a mix of

hazardous substances
from both human-made
and natural sources

Cities like Vancouver, whose design Water pollution is the release of

and building policies accommodate substances into bodies of water that
nearby natural greenery, are often makes water unsafe for human use
surveyed as popular places to live and disrupts aquatic ecosystems.
Indoor-Environmental-Quality
 5.Environmental Quality
3.Important because changes in quality can have significant impacts on both
the environment & population.
Include negative effects on human health, biodiversity & finances.

4.Environmental factors include:

Temperature, food, pollutants, population density, sound, light & parasites
 6.Deforestation
Meaning:
1. Deforestation is the purposeful clearing of forested land.
2. Large-scale removal of trees from forests (or other lands) for the facilitation of human activities.
3. Throughout history & modern times, forests have been razed to make space for agriculture , animal
grazing, obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction.
4. Has greatly altered landscapes around the world.

Deforestation’s Effects?
It is a serious environmental concern
since it can result in the loss of
biodiversity, damage to natural
habitats, disturbances in the water
cycle & soil erosion.
7.Climatic Change
Layers of the atmosphere
8.Ozone Depletion & Implications