EUROPE : LOCATION, AREA,

POLITICAL AND PHYSICAL

FEATURES
GRADE 7 - GEOGRAPHY
LIES IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE

NORTH AMERICA TO ITS WEST, ASIA TO

ITS EAST AND AFRICA TO ITS SOUTH

STRETCHES FROM 35 DEGREE NORTH

TO 73 DEGREE NORTH.

LONGITUDINALLY STRETCHES 25
DEGREE WEST TO 65 DEGREE EAST

SEPERATED FROM ASIA BY THE

CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS AND URAL
MOUNTAINS.
Answer - Liver
 PHYSICAL FEATURES

1. THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS – FROM NORWAY AND SWEDEN TO SCOTLAND

2. THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN PLAINS – TRIANGULAR PLAIN ACROSS CENTRAL

EUROPE

3. THE SOUTHERN PLATEAUX AND HIGHLANDS - MESETA OF SPAIN, CENTRAL

MASSIF OF FRANCE AND HIGHLANDS OF BOHEMIA

4. THE ALPINE MOUNTAIN SYSTEM – FROM ATLANTIC COAST IN WEST TO CASPIAN

SEA IN THE EAST. THE ALPS SEPARATE ITALY FROM FRANCE AND SWITZERLAND.
 THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS

• OLD FOLD MOUNTAINS IN THE NORTH AND NORTH-WEST WHICH EXTEND FROM

NORWAY AND SWEDEN TO SCOTLAND

• THEY ARE MADE UP OF HARD CRYSTALLINE ROCKS WHICH WERE ONCE LOFTY

AND RUGGED

• THESE MOUNTAINS HAVE BEEN REDUCED TO LOW HILLS WITH GENTLE SLOPES

DUE TO SOIL EROSION WHICH HAS TAKEN PLACE OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS.

• IN COASTAL REGIONS, FIORDS HAVE BEEN FORMED BECAUSE OF THE DROWNING

OF GLACIER VALLEYS. FIORDS ARE DEEP INLETS OF WATER WITH STEEP SIDES

THAT BREAK AND INDENT THE COASTLINE

 THE CENTRAL EUROPE PLAINS

• IT IS A VAST TRIANGULAR PLAIN TO THE SOUTH OF THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS.

IT EXTENDS ACROSS CENTRAL EUROPE FROM ATLANTIC COAST IN THE WEST, UP

TO URAL MOUNTAINS IN THE EAST.

• THESE PLAINS HAVE VERY LITTLE GLACIAL DEPOSIT AND ALLUVIUM SOIL DUE

TO RIVERS LIKE THE DON, THE DNEIPER AND THE VOLGA

• THESE PLAINS ARE NOT EXACTLY FLAT BUT HAVE SOME HILLS. AS THE SOIL IS

FERTILE, IT IS GOOD FOR AGRICULTURE.

• THIS IS THE MOST DENSELY POPULATED PART OF EUROPE

 THE SOUTHERN PLATEAUX AND HIGHLANDS

• THEY LIE TO THE SOUTH OF THE CENTRAL EUROPEAN PLAINS. THE MESETA OF

SPAIN, THE CENTRAL MASSIF OF FRANCE AND THE HIGHLANDS OF BOHEMIA ARE

ALL PLATEAUX.

• OTHER HIGHLANDS INCLUDE THE VOSGES, JURA, AND ARDENNES MOUNTAINS OF

FRANCE; THE BLACK FOREST AND HARZ MOUNTAINS OF GERMANY; THE URAL

MOUNTAINS IN THE EAST

• ALL THESE HIGHLANDS DO NOT RISE MORE THAN 1800 m ABOVE SEA LEVEL.

• SOME OF THE SLOPES ARE COVERED WITH DENSE FORESTS.

 THE ALPINE MOUNTAIN SYSTEM

• IT CONSISTS OF CHAINS OF YOUNG FOLD MOUNTAINS STRETCHING FROM

ATLANTIC COAST IN THE WEST TO THE CASPIAN SEA IN THE EAST.

• THEY HAVE HIGH PEAKS, DEEP VALLEYS AND RUGGED (ROUGH SLOPES). THEY

ARE IN SEVERAL PARALLEL RANGES. EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

ARE COMMON IN THIS AREA,

• THE ALPS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT MOUNTAIN RANGE WHICH EXTENDS LIKE

AN ARC SEPERATING ITALY FROM FRANCE AND SWITZERLAND.

• MONT BLANC IS THE HIGHEST PEAK IN THE ALPS (4,807 m).

• THE CAUCASUS MOUNTAINS HAVE THE HIGHEST PEAK IN EUROPE – Mt. Elbrus

(5,462 m)
 RIVERS

1. THE VOLGA – LONGEST IN RUSSIA

2. THE DANUBE – RUNS ACROSS 10 COUNTRIES, 2nd LARGEST

3. THE RHINE – LONGEST IN GERMANY

 EUROPE : CLIMATE,
VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE
GRADE 7 - GEOGRAPHY