Geography of Europe

Europe
• Europe is the second smallest of the continents.

• It has the third highest population.

• It has a population of 747,830,847

• The population density in Europe is 34 per Km2 (87 people per mi2).

• The total land area is 22,134,900 Km2 (8,546,329 sq. miles)

Political Map of Europe
Countries Flags in Europe
 Landforms of Europe
Europe has unique geography and weather patterns so the landscape,
waterways and climate vary greatly.

• Europe is called a “peninsula of peninsulas”. as it is a large peninsula of Asia.

• The landforms also include islands, plains and mountain ranges.

There are six major peninsulas in
Europe
• Northern peninsulas: Jutland peninsula and Scandinavian
peninsula.
• Southern peninsulas: Italian peninsula, Iberian peninsula ,
Balkan peninsula and Crimean peninsula.
• North and east of the continent: plains and large areas of lowlands.

• South: we find here many different mountains.

• The most important mountain chains are: The Scandinavian Mountains,

Ural Mountains, Pennines, Alpes, Carpathian Mountains, Transylvanian
Alps ,Massif Central,Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkan Mountains,
Caucasus Mountains and The Meseta Plateau.
 The Alps
• The Alps are the highest and most extensive mountain range system in
Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 kilometres across eight countries:
• Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and
Switzerland.

• Cuts Italy off from the rest of Europe. Mont Blanc is the highest peak.
 Pyrenees
• It forms a natural border between France and Spain and separates the
Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe. It extends for about
500 km

• Aneto is the highest peak.

 The Apennine Mountains

• They are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains

extending 1,200 km.

• They divide the Italian peninsula between east and west.

• Corno Grande is the highest point.

 The Balkan Mountains
• These mountains stretch from the east of Serbia to the Black Sea at
the east of Bulgaria.
• They extend for about 530 km .
• The highest peak is Botev.
 The Caucasus Mountains
• They are a mountain system in Eurasia between the Black Sea and the
Caspian Sea
• They form a natural barrier between Europe and Asia to the south.
• They contain Europe's highest mountain, Mount Elbrus, 5,642 metres.
 Ural Mountains ( or the Urals)
• The mountain range forms part of the conventional boundary
between the continents of Europe and Asia.

• They extend about 2,500 km and cover Russia and Kazakhstan.

• Mount Narodnaya is the highest point.

• Rivers that flow into the Artic Ocean are long with regular course
and in winter they are frozen.

• Rivers that flow into the Atlantic Ocean are short with high
volume of water.( The Seine and theThames)

• Rivers that flow into the Mediterranean Sea: They are short with
irregular water flow.( Po and Rhone).

• Rivers that flow into the Caspian Sea and Black Sea : They are
long and regular (Volga and Danube).

• There are many medium size lakes in Central Europe, for example
the Lake Constance and Lake Geneva.
 IMPORTANT RIVERS

• The Danube: It is located in Central and Eastern Europe. It is

Europe's second-longest river. It is 2,850 km in length, and it flows
through 10 countries: Germany, Austria,Slovakia,Hungary,Croatia,
Serbia, Romania,Bulgaria, Moldova, Ukraine.

• The Rhine : It is the second-longest river in Central and Western

Europe.

• It flows through 6 countries: Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria,

Germany, France, Netherlands.
•The Seine: It has 776-kilometres long river and an important
commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France.

• The Elbe : Rising in the Czech Republic, it flows north through

Germany, ending in the North Sea.

• The Volga: It is he longest river in Europe in terms of length,

discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia. It's
3,692 km long.

• The Thames: This river flows through southern England. It is the

second longest river in England and the second longest in UK.

• It’s 346 km long.

 Alpine climate
Continental climate Polar climate

Oceanic climate

Mediterranean climate
Tourist spot in Europe
 Natural Resources in Europe
There are many different natural resources found in Europe. These include
wood, soil, water, fish, natural gas, coal, and iron.

The resource of fish and water can be found in the Mediterranean Sea.
Water is an abundant resource in Europe because there are so many bodies of
water in/near Europe. Since fish are in water there is also a decent supply of
fish.

Wood is found is the deep forests of Europe. There is a decent amount of

trees found in Europe. You can find oak and evergreen trees here.
 People in Europe

Who is a European?

Race refers to biological characterizes of a group of people, such as skin color.

Most Europeans are Caucasian or “white.”
Ethnicity refers to the cultural background of a group of people.
European ethnicities include: Italians, Germans, Brits, Irish, Poles, Swedes,
French, Swiss, Russians, etc.
Just like the United States, however, there are immigrants from other places
including Africa, Turkey, India, and the Middle East.
Religion in Europe Traditionally, Europe is heavily Christian.

35% Catholic (France, Poland, Italy, Spain)

27% Eastern Orthodox (Russia, Greece)
14% Protestant (Sweden, Germany, England)
A growing number of Europeans identify as “secular” or non-religious.
18% non-religious
Islam is also growing in Europe, has led to some conflict (France, GB)
5% Islam, largely due to immigrants
Language in Europe

Most Europeans speak a language that shares the name with their
country.
French in France
English in England (Ireland and Scotland too)
Italian in Italy
German in Germany
Exception:
Switzerland: French, Italian, German, Romansch
Most Europeans speak at least 2 languages: native language +
English, many speak 3-4!