MUTATION

By: Darwin E. Lawi-an, LPT

 REVIEW
VARIATION
HERIDITY GENE
DNA AND NUCLEOTIDE
RNA DNA
NITROGENOUS
BASES
REPLICATION
PROTEIN AMINO ACIDS
SYNTHESIS
Thumbs Up, Middle, Down
ACTIVITY 1: TRANSLATING PROTEIN

Order of bases Order of bases Order of bases Amino Acid

in DNA in mRNA in Coded into
(Codon) tRNA Proteins
TAG AUC    
CAT      
  GUC    
  CCA    
      Methionine
ACTIVITY 1: TRANSLATING PROTEIN

Order of bases Order of bases Order of bases Amino Acid

in DNA in mRNA in Coded into
(Codon) tRNA Proteins
TAG AUC UAG  Isoleucine 
CAT GUA CAU  Valine 
 CAG GUC CAG  Valine 
GGT  CCA GGU  Proline 
 TAC  AUG UAC  Methionine
LESSON OBJECTIVE:

Explain how mutations

may cause changes in
the structure and
function of a protein.
MUTATION
Mutation is a
change in the
DNA sequence of
an organism.
 MUTATION
Occurs in two ways:
1. Germline mutation (that occur in
eggs and sperm) can be passed on
to offspring.

2. Somatic mutations (that occur in

body cells) are not passed on.
 MUTATION
MUTAGENS
- agents that cause
mutations.

Example:
X-Ray and Carcinogen
 MUTATION
The DNA sequence of a gene
can Mutation
be altered in
RESULTofFROM two ways:
CHANGES IN
the chromosomal
segments
A SINGLEof the DNA
GENE. strands.
1. Gene mutation
2. Chromosomal mutation
 GENE MUTATION
TYPES:

POINT MUTATION

FRAMESHIFT MUTATION
 GENE MUTATION
(POINT MUTATION)
OCCURS WHEN A SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE IS EXCHANGED FOR
ANOTHER.
 GENE MUTATION
(FRAMESHIFT MUTATION)
OCCURS WHEN A INSERTION OR DELETION HAPPENS.
 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
TYPES:

DUPLICATION
TRANSLOCATION
INVERSION
DELETION
 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
(DUPLICATION)
OCCURS WHEN A PARTICULAR PART OF THE DNA STRAND IS REPEATED,
CAUSING AN INCREASE IN THE NUMBER OF GENES IN THE CHROMOSOMES.
 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
(DUPLICATION)
EXAMPLE:
TRISOMY 21
 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
(DELETION)
OCCURS WHEN A PORTION OF A GENE IN A DNA STRAND IS
REMOVED DUE TO EXPOSURE TO RADIATION, VIRUSES, OR
INTENSE HEAT.
 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
(DELETION)
EXAMPLE:
WILLIAM-BEUREN SYNDROME
 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
(TRANSLOCATION)
OCCURS WHEN A PORTION OF THE DNA STRAND GETS
REMOVED AND ATTACHES TO ANOTHER NONHOMOLOGOUS
CHROMOSOME.
 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATION
(INVERSION)
OCCURS WHEN A PORTION OF DNA STRAND GETS
REMOVED AND BECOMES ORIENTED IN THE REVERSE
FROM ITS ORIGINAL POSITION
 ACTIVITY 2

A.Original DNA sequence: TACACCTTGGCGACGACT

mRNA sequence:
Amino acid sequence:
B. Mutated DNA sequence: TACATCTTGGCGACGACT
What is the mRNA sequence? (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence? (Circle the change)
Will there likely be effects?
What kind of mutation is this?
C.Mutated DNA sequence: TACGACCTTGGCGACGACT
What is the mRNA sequence? (Circle the change)
What will be the amino acid sequence? (Circle the change)
Will there be likely be effects?
What kind of mutation is this?
A.Original DNA sequence: TACACCTTGGCGACGACT
mRNA sequence: AUGUGGAACCGCUGCUGA
Amino acid sequence: MET-TRY-ASP-ARG-CYS-STOP
B. Mutated DNA sequence: TACATCTTGGCGACGACT
mRNA sequence: AUGUAGAACCGCUGCUGA
amino acid sequence:MET-STOP-ASP-ARG-CYS-STOP
Will there likely be effects: YES
What kind of mutation is this?: POINT MUTATION
C. Mutated DNA sequence: TACGACCTTGGCGACGACT
mRNA sequence: AUGCUGGAACCGCUGCUGA
amino acid sequence: MET-LEU-GLU-PRO-PRO
Will there be likely be effects?: YES
What kind of mutation is this?: FRAMESHIFT MUTATION
ACTIVITY 4
 INTEGRATION
1.What if there are no proteins in our
body, what would happen?
2.Why is it important to understand
gene mutation?
3.How does the lesson on mutation
helpful to you?
EVALUATION