World of Region-

Global Divides:
The North and The South
  The concept of Global
North and Global South (or North–
South divide in a global context) is
used to describe a grouping of
countries along socio-economic and
political characteristics.

Global North  The term as used by governmental and

developmental organizations was first
and Global introduced as a more open and value-
free alternative to "Third World" and
South similarly potentially "valuing" terms
like developing countries.
 The concept of Global North and Global
South is used to describe a grouping of
countries along socio-economic and
political characteristics.
 Global North
 The Global North correlates with Western Europe and Northern America, as
well as Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore and South Korea–
while the South largely corresponds with the developing countries located
within  Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean.
 The term is usually refers to the political process characterized by economic 
policy cooperation and coordination among countries.
 Global South

 The Global South is made up of Africa, Latin America and the

Caribbean, Pacific Islands, and the developing countries in Asia, including
the Middle East.
 It is generally seen as home to Brazil, India, Indonesia and China, which,
along with Nigeria and Mexico, are the largest Southern states in terms of
land area and population.
   According to N. Oluwafemi Mimiko, the South lacks the
right technology, it is politically unstable, its economies
are divided, and its foreign exchange earnings depend
on primary product exports to the North, along with the
Defining fluctuation of prices.
 The low level of control it exercises over imports and
Development exports condemns the South to conform to the
'imperialist' system. The South's lack of development
and the high level of development of the North deepen
the inequality between them and leave the South a
source of raw material for the developed countries.
  The north becomes synonymous with economic
development and industrialization while the South
represents the previously colonized countries which are
Defining in need of help in the form of international aid agendas.
 Northern countries are using most of the earth
Development resources and most of them are high entropic fossil
fuels. Reducing emission rates of toxic substances is
central to debate on sustainable development but this
can negatively affect economic growth.
 Theories Explaining The Divide
 Dependency theory looks back on the patterns of colonial relations which
persisted between the North and South and emphasizes how colonized territories
tended to be impoverished by those relations.
 Theorists of this school maintain that the economies of ex-colonial states remain
oriented towards serving external rather than internal demand, and that
development regimes undertaken in this context have tended to reproduce in
underdeveloped countries the pronounced class hierarchies found in
industrialized countries while maintaining higher levels of poverty.
 The Structuralists defined dependency as the inability of a nation's economy to
complete the cycle of capital accumulation without reliance on an outside
economy.
  More specifically, peripheral nations were perceived as primary resource
exporters reliant on core economies for manufactured goods. This led the
Structuralists to advocate for import-substitution industrialization policies which
aimed to replace manufactured imports with domestically made products.
 Associated theories
 The term of the Global South has many researched theories associated with
it. Since many of the countries that are considered to be a part of the Global
South were first colonized by Global North countries, they are at a
disadvantage to become as quickly developed.
 Dependency theorists suggest that information has a top-down approach and
first goes to the Global North before countries in the Global South receive it.
Although many of these countries rely on political or economic help, this also
opens up opportunity for information to develop Western bias and create an
academic dependency.
 Menelao Litonjua describes the reasoning behind distinctive problems of
dependency theory as "the basic context of poverty and underdevelopment of
Third World/Global South countries was not their traditionalism, but the
dominance-dependence relationship between rich and poor, powerful and
weak counties."
  Firstly, differences in the political, economic and
demographic make-up of countries tend to complicate
the idea of a monolithic South.
 Globalization has also challenged the notion of two
distinct economic spheres. Following the liberalization
of post-Mao China initiated in 1978, growing regional
Challenges To cooperation between the national economies of Asia has
led to the growing decentralization of the North as the
Be main economic power.
 The economic status of the South has also been
fractured. As of 2015, all but roughly the bottom 60
nations of the Global South were thought to be gaining
on the North in terms of income, diversification, and
participation in the world market.
  The divide between the North and South challenges
international environmental cooperation. The economic
differences between North and South have created
dispute over the scientific evidence and data regarding
global warming and what needs to be done about it.
Challenges To   As the South don't trust Northern data and cannot
afford the technology to be able to produce their own.
Be In addition to these disputes, there are serious divisions
over responsibility, who pays, and the possibility for the
South to catch up.
  This is becoming an ever-growing issue with the
emergence of rising powers, imploding these three
divisions just listed and making them progressively
blurry.
Future Development

 Some economists have argued that international free trade and

unhindered capital flows across countries could lead to a contraction in the
North–South divide. In this case more equal trade and flow of capital would
allow the possibility for developing countries to further develop
economically.
 As some countries in the South experience rapid development, there is
evidence that those states are developing high levels of South–South aid.
 Brazil, in particular, has been noted for its high levels of aid ($1 billion
annually—ahead of many traditional donors) and the ability to use its own
experiences to provide high levels of expertise and knowledge transfer. This
has been described as a "global model in waiting".
Future Development

 The United Nations has also established its role in diminishing the divide

between North and South through the Millennium Development Goals, all of
which were to be achieved by 2015.
 These goals seek to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, achieve global
universal education and healthcare, promote gender equality and empower
women, reduce child mortality, improve maternal health,
combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, ensure environmental
sustainability, and develop a global partnership for development.
 There were replaced in 2015 by 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The SDGs, set in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and intended
to be achieved by the year 2030, are part of a UN Resolution called "The
2030 Agenda".
Society and Culture

 Digital and technological divide

    The global digital divide is often characterized as corresponding to the north–
south divide; however, Internet use, and especially broadband access, is now
soaring in Asia compared with other continents.
    This phenomenon is partially explained by the ability of many countries in Asia
to leapfrog older Internet technology and infrastructure, coupled with booming
economies which allow vastly more people to get online.
Society and Culture

 Media representation
    When looking at media coverage of developing countries, a generalized view
has developed through Western media. Negative images and coverage of
the poverty are frequent in the mass media when talking about developing
countries.
     This common coverage has created a dominant stereotype of developing
countries as: "the 'South' is characterized by socioeconomic and political
backwardness, measured against Western values and standards."
     The people in developing countries do not often receive coverage of the other
developing countries but instead gets generous amounts of coverage about
developed countries.
  Henil Savaliya 
 Himanshu Sedhaniya
Presented By:-  Jay Gosai
 Jayom Patel
 Khalil Hami
THANK YOU