Ludwig von Bertalanffy

(1901-1972)
 General Systems Theory (1969)
-Statesthat outcomes are brought about by the interactions of
several causes.
-Focusing on a singular cause and placing blame is
counterproductive.
Basic concepts:

Concept of the system – the components of a system share the

same goal and functions as a whole
 Basic attributes of a system:

Wholenes Interrelati Dynami

s on c

Levels Finalit
y
Classification of systems:
01. 02.
According to the influence of
human beings and systems: According to content and
a. Nature elements:
b. Man-made a. An matter
b. Conceptual

03. 04.
According to a relationship of e of the
system and environment: According to the attribut
a. Open system system:
a. Dynamic
b. Static
 Wholeness

Principles:
Abstract

Optimization

Structural
Modeling

Functional
Concrete
3 aspects of the principle of modeling:

Similarity Simplicity
Objectivity
 The Revolution of General system
theory to Nursing:

1. To look at a person with the systematic

viewpoint

2. The human being is a natural system

a. A basic condition of life activities and health of a human
being is harmony and equilibrium of internal and external
environment in the human body.
b. A human being is an open and dynamic system A human
being exchanges energy, matter, and information with its
environment constantly, as well as within its body to
maintain life and health.
c. A Human being is a system with a subjective activity A
human being is conscious and able to supervise and
control his / her state of functions.
 To understand nursing with a systematic
viewpoint:

1. Nursing system is system with a complicated

structure
2. Nursing system is an open system
3. Nursing system is a dynamic system
4. Nursing system is with the function of decision
making and feedback.
 Characteristic of systems:
1. Systems refer specifically to self-regulating systems
2. Systems are self-correcting through feedback
3. System have a structure that is defined by its process and
parts.
4. Systems are a generalization of reality.
5. The various parts of a system have functional as well as
structural relations between each other.
6. System tends to function in the same way
7. Every living organism is essentially an open system
References:
● Anderson, B. R. (2016). Improving health care by embracing Systems
Theory. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 152(2), 593–
594. Retrieved on November 18,
2021.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.03.029
● Indira,S.(2016, January 30).General Systems Theory.Narayana Nursing
Journal.Retrieved on November 18, 2021.
https://www.bibliomed.org/mnsfulltext/157/157-1455952116.pdf?
1637226096