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Primary features of forward and reverse channel Channel Assignment in IS-95A Forward Channel Coding Base Station Modulation and Spreading Base Station Transmitter Interface Coherent Rake Receiver Reverse Channel Coding Mobile Station Walsh Modulation and Spreading Noncoherent Rake Receiver
The CDMA system requires spreading of the spectrum using a PN sequence. In IS-95A, the rate of this PN sequence (called the chip rate) is 1.2288 Mchips/s.This causes the resulting bandwidth of the spread signals to be about 1.25MHz,which is about one-tenth of the total bandwidth allocated to one cellular service carrier. The IS-95A system uses two PN codes: 1.Long PN codes 2.Short PN codes
The IS-95A reverse link use logical channels The Access channel is meant for control information, and is used for originating requests, responding to paging and other messages, or providing other data to the base station. The Traffic channel carries the speech or data. The Traffic channel supportsvariable data rate operation.
The mobile station convolutionally encodes the data transmitted on the reverse channel. Viterbi algorithm provides optimal decoding at the receiver. Also, prior to modulation, symbols are repeated in the case of lower data rates, and the frame data is interleaved for protection against burst errors.
Mobile Station Walsh Modulation and Spreading All transmission on the reverse CDMA channel in IS-95A uses 20-ms frames.The data frames are convolutionally encoded and interleaved for error protection. The modulation used is a 64-ary orthogonal modulation. Direct sequence spreading and filtering are used to obtain the modulation signal for transmission
Because the reverse traffic channel has a variable rate,Wireless Communication and CDMA randomized gating is used in the case of lower data rate frames to control the transmitted power. Because the power control is done by gating, the power level of the transmitted symbols is kept constant, unlike the forward channel. Noncoherent Rake Receiver There is no pilot available for the reverse link transmission, as there is for the forward link. A pilot is valuable for obtaining good carrier channel estimation,making it possible to perform coherent detection and combining of multipathcomponents. The absence of carrier phase and amplitude estimationnecessitates either noncoherent or differential coherent detection. Timing of all paths must also be acquired and tracked.
In the case of L paths, the demodulator adds the individual noncoherent correlator outputs for each of the L independent paths before making a decision.In practice, it is possible to make a decision for each bit separately, rather than making decisions for all six bits at once. This may be done by finding the difference between the highest correlation values that correspond to the two possible values (0 and 1) of the bit of interest. Such an approach may be applied bit by bit and used to arrive at soft decisions . Soft decisions can be used in theViterbi decoder for the convolutional code to improve performance