OptiX WDM Product Optical Power Calculation ISSUE 1.02

OptiX WDM Product Optical
Power Calculation
Chen Xi
Optical Network Product Service Dept.
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
 When commissioning or planning the WDM network, we need to
calculate the optical power. This Course will introduce the
method of OptiX WDM Product power calculation.
Copyright © 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
About This Course
 This Course is based on:
 OptiX BWS 1600G Hardware Description
 OptiX Metro 6100 Hardware Description
 OptiX OSN 6800 Hardware Description
 OptiX OSN 6800 Commissioning Guide
 OptiX OSN 68003800 Optical Power Calculation
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Illustrate the relation of each reference point.
 List the common indices on optical power calculation.
 Calculate the optical power.
Contents
1. Basics
2. Power Calculation
Contents
1. Basics
1.1 Review of the signal flow
1.2 Basic Concepts
Review of Signal Flow
MM M
OTU OTU
4
40 4D
OA OA OA
0 04
OTU 0 OTU
F F F F
I I I I
SC1 U U SC2 U U SC1
M M
M
OTU D4 4 OTU
OA OA OA 40
40 0
OTU 0 OTU
OTM1 OLA OTM2
Review of Signal Flow (Cont.)
SC2
F F
OA OA
I M M M M I
R R R R
U 2 2 2 2 U
OA OA
O O O O O O O O
T T T T T T T T FOADM
U U U U U U U U
SC2
OA OA
F F
ROAM ROAM
I I
U U
OA OA
D40 D40
M
M
4
0
4
0
… …
O O O O
T T T T ROADM:
U U U U
(ROAM)
O O O O O O O O
T T T T T T T T
U U U U U U U U
D40 … M40
M
…
0
4
M
0
4
F F
OA WSD9 WSM9 OA
I I
U U
OA WSM9 WSD9 OA
M4 D40
M
M
…
4
0
4
0
0 …
O O O O O O O O
T T T T T T T T ROADM:
U U U U U U U U
(WSD9+WSM9)
O O O O O O O O
T T T T T T T T
U U U U U U U U
D40 … …
M
MR4
0
4
F F
OA WSD9 RMU9 OA
I I
U U
OA RMU9 WSD9 OA
D40
M
MR4
4
0
… …
O O O O O O O O
T T T T T T T T ROADM:
U U U U U U U U
(WSD9+RMU9)
Basic Concept
Units Calculation
 mW P(mW)
 P (dBm) =10lg
1(mW)
the unit of optical power
P1(dBm) P1(mW)
 dBm
 P (dB) ＝ 10lg =10lg
P2(dBm) P2(mW)
the unit of optical power  -10dBm = mW
 dB  0dBm = mW
the unit of gain or attenuation  10dBm= mW
of optical power
 20dBm = mW
 20dBm-10 =10dBm
Formula
P1
Ptotal
P2
Ptotal (mW) ＝ P1 (mW) + P2 (mW)
Suppose P1=P2=Psingle
Ptotal (dBm) ＝ Psingle (dBm) +10lg2(dB)
The situation of N wavelengths
Ptotal (dBm) ＝ Psingle (dBm) +10lgN(dB)
Tips on Optical Power Calculation
 Optical power values expressed in dBm can be subtracted from each other but
cannot be added to each other.
P ( ？？ ) ＝ P1 (dBm) － P2 (dBm)
The optical power values expressed in dBm can be added to or subtracted from
each other only after they are converted into values expressed in mW.
P1(mW) P2(mW) P1(mW)

P (dB) ＝ 10lg － 10lg = 10lg
1(mW) 1(mW) P2(mW)
P (dB) ＝ P1 （ dBm) － P2 (dBm)

 Optical power values expressed in dBm can be added to each other only after they are
converted into values expressed in mW.
 The result of one value expressed in dBm minus another value expressed in dBm is
expressed in dB. The result of one value expressed in dBm minus another value
expressed in dB is expressed in dBm. For example: 5dBm － 3dBm ＝ 2dB; 5dBm － 3dB
＝ 2dBm.
Tips on Optical Power Calculation (2)
 The following are some values that are frequently used during calculation of total
multiplexed optical power:
10lg2=3 10lg4=2*10lg2=6 10lg32=5*10lg2=15
10lg10=10 10lg40=10lg(4*10)=10lg4+10lg10=16
 Quiz: If the nominal single-wavelength optical power of an 80-channel WDM

network is +4 dBm, what is the total multiplexed output optical power expressed in
dBm?
 Pmultiplexed = 10lg(80*Psingle (mW)) = Ptotal (dBm) + 10lg(8*10)
= Psingle (dBm) + 10lg8 + 10lg10
= 4 + 9 + 10 (dBm) = 23 (dBm)
Common Specifications
 Optical power calculation involves three common specifications: insertion loss, optical amplifier
unit parameters, and OTU parameters.
 For the common specifications, you can refer to the following documentation:
 Approach 1: Refer to section "Technical Specifications" in the Product Description manual.
 Approach 2: Refer to Appendix D "Quickfinder of Board Specifications and Functions" in the
Hardware Description manual.
 Approach 3: Refer to section "Board Specifications" in the board description chapter in the
Hardware Description manual.
 For the OAU parameters, you can also refer to the Commissioning Guide.
The manuals of WDM products are available on Huawei Support website. You can obtain them
from the following directory:
Insertion Loss
 The loss of output optical power after the optical signals of each
channel pass through the corresponding channels.
Passive
component
Pin Pout
Insertion Loss (IL) = Pin–Pout
Unit: dB
 Insertion loss of DCMs is a critical specification for optical power calculation. The DCM
insertion loss specifications of each WDM product are provided in section "Technical
Specifications" in the Product Description manual of the product.
OAU Parameters
 Input optical power ①
 Output optical power ②
 Maximum single-wavelength output optical power ③
 Typical single-wavelength output optical power ④
 Gain
Pout ②
Pin ①
OA
Pin ④
Pout ③
Total gain of the OAU (dB) = Pout ② (dBm) – Pin ① (dBm)
Single-wavelength gain (dB)= Pout ③ (dBm) – Pin ④ (dBm)
 For OAU specifications such as the input and output optical power range
and gain range, refer to the Hardware Description manual.
Note: For OAU specifications, you can also refer to Appendix D "Quickfinder of Board
Specifications and Functions" in the Hardware Description manual.
 For OAU specifications such as the maximum single-wavelength output optical power and typical
single-wavelength output optical power, refer to section "Commissioning the Optical Power of the
EDFA" in the Commissioning Guide.
Section "Commissioning the Optical Power of the EDFA" in the Commissioning Guide
Note: For OAU specifications, you can also refer to Appendix D "Quickfinder of Board Specifications and Functions" in the Hardware
Description manual.
Characteristics of OTU
 Mean Launch Power
 Receiver sensitivity: A
 Receiver overload: B
Recommended Receiving Power Range: A+3(dBm) ~ B-5(dBm)
The preceding specifications vary with the type of WDM- and client-side
optical modules on the OTU and the transmission distance. For the board
specifications of a WDM product, refer to section "Board Specifications" in
the Hardware Description manual of the product.
 Example of LSX
board
specifications
applied to the
OptiX OSN 6800
 The table on the
right shows the
specifications of
the optical module
on the client side.
 Example of LSX
board
specifications
applied to the
OptiX OSN 6800
 The table on the
right shows the
specifications of
the optical module
on the WDM side.
Note: For board specifications, you can also refer to Appendix D "Quickfinder of Board Specifications and Functions" in the Hardware Description manual.
Summary
 This chapter describes the following common specifications
used in optical power calculation of boards of WDM products:
 Board insertion loss
 OAU parameters
 OTU parameters
 Section "Technical Specifications" in the Product Description

manual of each WDM product describes the board
parameters of the product.
Questions
 What are the units related to optical power?
 The conversion between mW and dBm?
 If the input power of each channel is –4 dBm, what’s the value of input
power for 40 wavelengths?
Contents
1. Basics
2. Power Calculation
Contents
2. Power calculation
2.1 Power calculation of OSC
2.2 Power calculation of Main Path
Power Calculation of OSC
 Typical Launch Power
SC2: 0 ~ -4
SC1: 2 ~ 4.5dBm
 Sensitivity of SC1/SC2: -48dbm
 Receiving Power ＝ Launch Power - Loss of Fiber - 2•IL of FIU.
0.5dBm -11.5dBm -13dBm
2dBm
TM F F RM
SC1/2 I
40km (12dB) I
SC1/2
SC1
SC1
RM U U TM
IL:1.5dB IL:1.5dB
Main-Path Optical Power Calculation—
Basic Concepts
 OAU gain range:
 A gain range that depends on the hardware performance of the OAU. For the value of the
gain range, refer to the product manual.
 Typical gain of the OAU:
 The result of the nominal single-wavelength output optical power minus the nominal single-
wavelength input optical power after the input and output optical power of the OAU are
adjusted to the nominal values.
 Configurable gain range of the OAU:
 In actual applications, the configurable gain range of the OAU does equal the OAU gain
range. The configurable gain range of the OAU equals the OAU gain range minus the
passthrough insertion loss between the TDC and RDC optical interfaces. This formula
applies to the application scenario where a DCM is connected between the TDC and RDC.
For example, if the gain range of an OAU is 20–31 dB and the insertion loss between the
TDC and RDC is 5 dB queried on the T2000, then the configurable gain range of this OAU
is 20–26 dB (actually 15–26 dB. Because the gain value smaller than 20 dB is not
configurable on the T2000, the lower limit of the gain range does not change).
Main-Path Optical Power Calculation—
Basic Concepts
OAU101
Steps:
 Adjust the VOA to obtain –16 dBm nominal ③
single-wavelength input optical power of the PA BA
OAU. Set the gain to the typical gain value 20
dB to obtain +4 dBm nominal maximum
⑤
single-wavelength output optical power of the
OAU. DCM(B)
 If the input optical power fails to be adjusted to the nominal value, set the gain of the OAU to obtain the nominal
output optical power. In this case, the configurable gain range of the OAU need be calculated. The configurable
gain range of the OAU equals the OAU gain range minus the passthrough insertion loss between the TDC and
RDC optical interfaces. For example, if the insertion loss between the TDC and RDC is 5 dB (it approximates the
DCM insertion loss plus the fiber connector insertion loss) queried on the T2000 and the gain range of an OAU is
20–31 dB, then the configurable gain range of this OAU is 20–26 dB.
 If the single-wavelength output optical power can reach up to only –20 dBm, after the configurable gain range is
calculated, 24 dB gain is required if the single-wavelength output optical power is the nominal single-wavelength
output optical power plus 4 dBm. The 24 dB gain is within the configurable gain range 20–26 dB of the OAU.
Hence, set the gain of the OAU to 24 dB.
 In the rare case that the gain value to be set is beyond the configurable gain range, it indicates that the client fiber
attenuation is much larger than the designed value. In this case, stop the commissioning and notify the customer
to solve the fiber attenuation problem.
Power Calculation of Main Path - OTM
 Network topology
OTM 40km （ 12d OTM

B ）
Station A Station B
 The distance between station A and station B: 40km, line attenuation: 12dB.
 The same board configuration of station A and station B :
 Transmitting end: OBU101.
 Receiving end: OAU101.
 Signal flow and related indices at the transmitting side of station A
M F
M
4
OTU 40 OBU101 I
0
VOA
U To station B
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① Suppose Typical Launch Power of OTU: -2dBm.
② Min. insertion loss of VOA : 2dB.
③ IL of M40: 6.5dB.
④ OBU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power-20/0dBm, typical gain: 20 dB.
⑤ IL of FIU:1.5dB.
Notes: The VOA is commonly placed after the output interface of each OTU board in the signal
flow for Metro/NG WDM. The VOA is commonly placed after the M40 for the LH-DWDM
 Typical optical power of the reference points at the transmitting side
of station A – Single Channel
-2dBm -20dBm 0dBm -1.5dBm
M F
M
OTU 4
40 OBU101 I
0
U To station B
① ② ③ ④
 Typical optical power of the reference points at the transmitting side
of station A – Multiplex Channels
-2dBm -20+10lgN 0+10lgN -1.5+10lgN
OTU M F
M4
40 OBU101 I
0
U To station B
OTU
① ② ③ ④
 Ptotal (dBm) ＝ Psigle (dBm) + 10lgN (dB)
 Network topology and the line optical power
-1.5+10lgN -13.5+10lgN
OTM OTM
40km （ 12d
B ）
Station A Station B
 The launched optical power of station A : -1.5+10lgN(dBm).

 Attenuation of the line fiber: 12dB.
 The receiving optical power of station B: -13.5+10lgN(dBm).
 Signal flow and related indices at the receiving side of station B
-13.5+10lgN
OTU
F M40 M
D
4D40
I OAU101 40
0
From station
A U
OTU
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① IL of FIU:1.5dB. Fixed attenuator

② Min. IL of VOA : 2dB.
③ OAU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power -16/4dBm, typical gain: 20 dB.
④ IL of D40: 6.5dB.
⑤ Typical receiving optical power of OTU: -16dBm (APD), -9dBm (PIN).
 Typical optical power of the reference points at the receiving side
of station B
-13.5+10lgN -17+10lgN 4+10lgN -2.5dBm
OTU
F M40 M
D
4D40
I OPU03
OAU101 40
0
From station U
A OTU
① ② ③ ④
 If the input optical power of OAU is lower than the nominal power, VOA should be removed.
④Psingle ＝ Ptotal - 10lgN - IL of D40.
Power Calculation of Main Path - OLA
+4+10lgN -11+10lgN
OTM 40km （ 12d
OLA OTM
B ） B
B 60km （ 18d
B ）
-19+10lgN -1+10lgN
Station A Station B Station C
 OBU103 is used at the transmitting side of station A & C. B DCM-B

 OAU101 is used in station B.
Power Calculation of Main Path - OLA
 Typical optical power of the reference points from station A
to station C
-11+10lgN -16+10lgN +4+10lgN +2.5+10lgN
OAU101
F F
I PA I
BA
From stationU U To station
A C
④
① ② ③ ⑤ ⑥
DCM(B)
③ ⑤ OAU101 nominal individual channel input/output power: -16/+4dBm, gain range: 20~31dB.
④ IL of DCM(B): 5dB. ① ⑥ IL of FIU: 1.5dB.
Actual gain of OAU101 is 20dB.
Questions
 Please calculate the optical power of each reference point ① ②
from station C to station A.
+4+10lgN -20+10lgN
OAU101
F F
I BA PA I
To station U ② ① U From station
A C
DCM(C)
-21.5+10lgN
 Is it necessary to put VOA before OAU101?
 What is the actual gain of OAU101?
Power Calculation of Main Path - FOADM
+4+10lgN -11+10lgN
OTM 50km （ 15d
FOADM OTM
80km （ 24d
B ） B
B ）
 OBU103 is used at the transmitting side of station A & C.

 OAU101/OBU103 is used at the station B.
B DCM-B
 Two MR2 is used in station B.
 Typical optical power of the reference points from station A to station C
O O O O
-11+10lgN T T T T
U U U U
OAU101
F F
I PA BA MR2 MR2 OBU103 I
From station
U U To station
A C
① ② ③ DCM(B) ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩
④
③ ⑤ OAU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power -16/+4dBm,

gain range:20~31dB.
④ IL of DCM(B): 5dB. ①⑩ IL of FIU: 1.5dB. ⑥⑧ IL of MR2: 1dB.
⑨OBU103 nominal individual channel input/output Power -19/4dBm.
+2.5 2.5+10lgN
-11+10lgN O O O O
T T T T
U U U U
OAU101
F ② F
I PA BA MR2 MR2 OBU103 I
From station To station
U VOA U
A C
① ③ DCM(B) ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨ ⑩
④
-16+10lgN +4+10lgN -19+10lgN 4+10lgN
Power Calculation of Main Path - ROADM
4+10lgN -11+10lgN
OTM 50km （ 15d
ROADM OTM
80km （ 24d
B ） B
B ）
 OBU103 is used at the transmitting side of station A & C.

 OAU101/OBU103 is used at the station B.
B DCM-B
 Two ROAM is used in station B.
Power Calculation of Main Path – ROADM 1
O O
T T O O
-13+10lgN U U T T
U U
OAU101 D40 ⑩
F F
I PA BA ROA ROA OBU101 I
M M
From station
U U To station
A C
① ② ③ DCM(B) ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨
④
③ ⑤ OAU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power -16/+4dBm,
gain range:20~31dB.
④ IL of DCM(B): 5dB. ①⑨ IL of FIU: 1.5dB. ⑩ IL of D40: 6.5dB.
⑥⑦ IL of ROAM: Mx-OUT:9dB, IN-DM:7dB, EXPI-OUT:14dB, IN-EXPO:3dB.
⑧ OBU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power -19/4dBm.
-3+10lgM
-9.5dBm O O
-11+10lgN O O +2.5+10lgN
T T
U U T T
U U
OAU101
D40 ⑩
F ② F
PA ROA ROA OBU103
I BA I
From station M M To station
U U
A C
① ③ DCM(B) ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑨
⑧
④
-16+10lgN +4+10lgN -19+10lgN +4+10lgN
+1+10lgN’
O O O O
T T T T
-11+10lgN U U U U
OAU101 D40 ⑩ M40

F F
I PA BA WSD9 RMU9 OBU103 I
From station
U U To station
A C
① ② ③ DCM(B) ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨
④
③⑤ OAU1 nominal individual channel input/output Power -16/+4dBm, gain range:20~31dB.

④ IL of DCM(B): 5dB. ①⑨ IL of FIU: 1.5dB. ⑩ IL of D40: 6.5dB, IL of M40V: 8dB.
⑥ IL of WSD9: 8dB(IN-DMx,IN-EXPO).
⑦ IL of RMU9: 8.5dB(EXPI-OUT)
⑧ OBU103 nominal individual channel input/output Power -19/4dBm .
O O O O -4+10lgM
-11+10lgN -10.5dBm T T T T
U U
2.5+10lgN
U U
OAU101
D40 ⑩ M40
F ② F
I PA BA WSD9 RMU9 OBU103 I
U U
A C
① ③ DCM(B) ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑨
⑧
④
-16+10lgN +4+10lgN -19+10lgN
4+10lgN
O O O O
T T T T
-11+10lgN U
U U U
OAU101 D40 ⑩ M40
F F
I PA BA WSD9 WSM9 OBU103 I
From station
U U To station
A C
① ② ③ DCM(B) ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨
④
③⑤ OAU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power -16/+4dBm,
gain range:20~31dB.
④ IL of DCM(B): 5dB. ①⑨ IL of FIU: 1.5dB. ⑩ IL of D40/M40: 6.5dB.
⑥ IL of WSD9: 8dB(IN-DMx,IN-EXPO). ⑦ IL of WSM9: 8dB(AMx-OUT,EXPI-OUT).
⑧ OBU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power -19/4dBm.
Questions
 Please calculate the optical power of each reference point (40 channels)
-4
O O O O
-12+10lgN T T T T
U U U U
⑤
D40 M40
F ④ ⑥ F ⑩
I OAU101 WSMD4 WSMD4 OBUC01 I
U ① ② ③ ⑨ U
A ⑦ C
⑧
⑦ Optical power of adding wavelength.

⑧ Optical power of passing through.
Summary
 OSC Power Calculation
 OTM Power Calculation
 OLA Power Calculation
 FOADM Power Calculation
 ROADM(ROAM) Power Calculation
 ROADM(WSD9+RMU9) Power Calculation
 ROADM(WSD9+WSM9) Power Calculation
Thank you
www.huawei.com

OptiX WDM Product Optical Power Calculation ISSUE 1.02

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OptiX WDM Product Optical Power Calculation ISSUE 1.02

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1.2 Basic Concepts

SC1 U U SC2 U U SC1

OTM1 OLA OTM2

Ptotal (mW) ＝ P1 (mW) + P2 (mW)

The situation of N wavelengths

Ptotal (dBm) ＝ Psingle (dBm) +10lgN(dB)

P1(mW) P2(mW) P1(mW)

P (dB) ＝ P1 （ dBm) － P2 (dBm)

10lg2=3 10lg4=2*10lg2=6 10lg32=5*10lg2=15

 Quiz: If the nominal single-wavelength optical power of an 80-channel WDM

= Psingle (dBm) + 10lg8 + 10lg10

Insertion Loss (IL) = Pin–Pout

Total gain of the OAU (dB) = Pout ② (dBm) – Pin ① (dBm)

Single-wavelength gain (dB)= Pout ③ (dBm) – Pin ④ (dBm)

Recommended Receiving Power Range: A+3(dBm) ~ B-5(dBm)

 Section "Technical Specifications" in the Product Description

 What are the units related to optical power?

 The conversion between mW and dBm?

2.2 Power calculation of Main Path

OTM 40km （ 12d OTM

-2dBm -20dBm 0dBm -1.5dBm

-2dBm -20+10lgN 0+10lgN -1.5+10lgN

 Ptotal (dBm) ＝ Psigle (dBm) + 10lgN (dB)

 The launched optical power of station A : -1.5+10lgN(dBm).

① IL of FIU:1.5dB. Fixed attenuator

-13.5+10lgN -17+10lgN 4+10lgN -2.5dBm

④Psingle ＝ Ptotal - 10lgN - IL of D40.

Station A Station B Station C

 OBU103 is used at the transmitting side of station A & C. B DCM-B

-11+10lgN -16+10lgN +4+10lgN +2.5+10lgN

④ IL of DCM(B): 5dB. ① ⑥ IL of FIU: 1.5dB.

Actual gain of OAU101 is 20dB.

Station A Station B Station C

 OBU103 is used at the transmitting side of station A & C.

③ ⑤ OAU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power -16/+4dBm,

-16+10lgN +4+10lgN -19+10lgN 4+10lgN

Station A Station B Station C

 OBU103 is used at the transmitting side of station A & C.

-16+10lgN +4+10lgN -19+10lgN +4+10lgN

OAU101 D40 ⑩ M40

③⑤ OAU1 nominal individual channel input/output Power -16/+4dBm, gain range:20~31dB.

⑧ OBU103 nominal individual channel input/output Power -19/4dBm .

-16+10lgN +4+10lgN -19+10lgN

⑧ OBU101 nominal individual channel input/output Power -19/4dBm.

⑦ Optical power of adding wavelength.

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10lg2=3 10lg4=210lg2=6 10lg32=510lg2=15