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POPULATION Population
EXAMPLE:
• Group of interacting individuals of the
Distribution and
same species living in a particular area.

- Number of individuals
Abundance
- Density
AARON JUSTIN PAUVEL C. GUEVARRA
- Additional characteristics;
age distribution, growth
ODYSSEY M. GRAY
rates, distribution and
abundance.
 EXAMPL
DISTRIBUTION E

• LIMITS
Homeostasis occurs over a range of
conditions which vary geographically
*Homeostasis is the way animals maintain a stable
internal balance in their body. It allows animals to
function in the changing external conditions
surrounding their body.

• Physical environment limits geographic

distribution of a species.
 NICHE
• Niche: the environmental factors that influence growth, survival, and reproduction of a species

• Where an organism lives and the resources it needs to do so

• Biotic

• Abiotic
Biotic
- factors that are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem.
- Organisms are affected by herbivores, predators, competitors, parasites, and pathogens

Abiotic
- factors that refer to non-living physical and chemical elements in the ecosystem.
- Moisture, temperature, pH, sunlight, nutrients, etc.
 NICHE
- Fundamental Niche
Hypervolume (the environments
a species can live in.

- Realized Niche
The actual environments a species
lives due to biotic factors (competition)
 Patterns on Small Scales
Random – Equal chance of being anywhere.
- Uniform distribution of resources

Regular – uniformly spaced

- Exclusive use of areas
- Individuals avoid one another

Clumped – unequal chance of being anywhere

- mutual attraction between individuals
- Patchy resource distribution
 Organism Size and Population Density
• Population density declines with increasing organism size.
- Damuth found that the population density of herbivorous animals decreased with increased body size.
- Peters and Wassenberg found aquatic invertebrates tend to have higher population densities than terrestrial invertebrates of the same size.

• Mammals tend to have higher population densities than birds of the same size.
 Commonness and Rarity
• Rabinowitz devised commonness
classification
based on 3 factors.
• Geographic Range of Species

• Habitat Tolerance

• Local Population Size

• Population that are least

threatened by extinction have
extensive geographic ranges, broad
habitat tolerances, and some large
local population.
 Rarity
• Rarity I
- Extensive Range, Broad Habitat Tolerance, Small
Local Populations
- Peregrine Falcon

• Rarity II
- Extensive Range, Narrow Habitat Tolerance,
Large Populations
- Passenger Pigeon

• Rarity II
- Restricted Range, Narrow Habitat Tolerance,
Small Populations
- California Condor
 LINKS
https://schoolworkhelper.net/ecology-population-distribution-and-abundance/
#:~:text=Distribution%3A%20Geographic%20area%20where%20individuals,individuals
%20in%20a%20given%20area.&text=Population%3A%20Group%20of%20interacting
%20individuals,living%20in%20a%20particular%20area.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B4_hnFha7Hg