Meso-scale (1:10,000) landslide susceptibility mapping along Umdihar-Baridua

along parts of Road sector of NH-6 (erstwhile NH-40), Ri-Bhoi District,

Meghalaya and Kamrup Metropolitan District, Assam.

ITEM CODE: M4LSSM/NC/NER//2022/40082

OBJECTIVE:
• To identify slope-failure domains and to prepare domain-specific geofactor maps in a GIS
• To rate and weigh relevant geofactor maps for different failure domain
• To integrate the rated and weighted geofactor maps per identified failure domain in a GIS
• To combine the domain-specific landslide susceptibility models into a combined and classified
landslide susceptibility map on 10k scale.
• To qualitatively/ quantitatively assess the landslide risk and to frame generic mitigation /management
plan on 10k scale for relevant value addition and for direct use by the stakeholders.

Officers
Neethu Alpho Joseph, Sr. Geologist Supervisory Officer
Amar Jyoti Hatiboruah, Geologist Shri. D. P. Dangwal, Director
 Location map of the study area

 The study area covers 40L Km road corridors from Umdihar to Baridua along NH-6 in Ri-Bhoi District,
Meghalaya and Kamrup Metropolitan district of Assam.
 Major road connecting Shillong city of Meghalaya to Guwahati city of Assam
 The road sector falling in toposheet no. 78N/16 and 78O/13
 Bounded by latitude 25.8446°N to 26.1159°N and longitude 91.8336°E to 91.8946°E
 Major localities include Nongpoh, Umling, Pahammawlein, Byrinhat, Jorabat and Baridua.
 BACKGROUND INFORMATION

Landslide Susceptibility distribution in the

study area (Source: NLSM FS: 2015-16)

Susceptibility
% area
Class

Low 76.1%

Moderate 15.1%

High 8.8%

 The road corridors along Baridua, Jorabat and Byrnihat and

other small patches are falling within the highly susceptible zones.
 In recent years, the road sector has experienced frequent slope
modifications with increased frequency of landslides making this
sector vulnerable to landslide risks.
 The hilly areas of Kamrup district has been a relentless problem
each year during monsoon.
 Hence susceptibility mapping in large scale in this area is
Source:NLSM data important for identifying the areas at risk and assessment of
damage potential.
 NATURE AND QUANTUM OF WORK
1. PRE-FIELD STUDIES - Preparation of thematic maps in GIS (1:10,000 scale)
Total Target Achievements
Nature of Work
(FS: 2022-23) April 22 May 22 June 22 July 22 Aug’ 22 Sept 22 Oct’ 22 Nov’22 Dec’22 Total
a. Slope inclination 40 L km 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40
b. Slope aspect 40 L km 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 40
c. Geomorphon 40 L km 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 40
d. Drainage 40 L km 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 40
e. Stream power index 40 L km 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 40
f. Relative relief 40 L km 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 40
g. Land use and land cover 40 L km 0 10 5 5 0 20 0 0 0 40
h. Slope facet 40 L km 0 0 0 0 0 15 25 0 0 40
i. Landslide incidence 40 L km 0 10 5 15 0 10 0 0 0 40
j. Elements at risk 40 L km 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 40
2. FIELD-BASED STUDIES
a. Landslide susceptibility mapping 40 L km     0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 7 18 (45%)
b. Bed rock sampling 10 nos.    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 6
c. Soil sampling 20 nos   0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2
d. Preparation of thematic maps 40 L km   0 0 0 0 0 0 2 10 6 18 (45%)
3. POST-FIELD STUDIES & MODELLING
a. Finalisation of all thematic maps and
derivation of maps (Kinematics, Geo-technical, 40 L km 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Engineering Geology)
b. Stability assessment, integrationof rated and
40 L km 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
weighted thematic maps.
c. Preparation and finalisation of landslide
40 L km 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
susceptibility maps and validation.
 Field stay details
Up to Total
Apr’ May’ Jun’ Jul’ Aug’ Sept’ Oct’ Nov’
Officers 15th
22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22
Dec’22
Neethu Alpho Joseph
0 2 0 0 0 0 4 15 15 36
Sr.Geologist
Amar Jyoti Hatiboruah
0 2 0 0 0 0 4 22 14 42
Geologist
Supervisory Officer
D. P. Dangwal, Director 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 6

RCA /NRCA details

Expenditure
Officer
RCA April 22 May 22 June 22 July 22 Aug’ 22 Sept’ 22 Oct’22 Nov’22 Dec’ 22 Total

 OC: 30,000/- 0 0 0 0 0 0 1324 460 10000 11786

Neethu Alpho Joseph, Recoup. - - - - - - - - - -
Senior Geologist Wages: 70,000/- - - - - - - - - - -
Recoup. - - - - - - - - - -
 OC: 30,000/- 0 0 0 0 0 19250  3000 10000 1100 33350
Amar Jyoti Recoup. - - - - - - - - - -
Hatiboruah, Geologist Wages: 50,000/- 0 0 0 0 0 0 2862 18603 7632 29097
Recoup. - - - - - - - - - -
PRE-FIELD THEMATIC MAPS
 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE STUDY AREA
N
GEOLOGY

The area comprises of

Precambrian basement
rocks of Assam Meghalaya
Gneissic Complex.
These are intruded by
Neoproterozoic Nongpoh
Granitoids
These are overlaid by
quaternary sediments of
Older Alluvium.

Source: Bhukosh
 SLOPE GRADIENT MAP SLOPE ASPECT MAP

Source:
Slope
Aster angle
data varies from 0 to 51.11⁰  Slope aspect classes shows nearly equal and even distribution
 Area around Nongpoh, Umling, Pahammawlein,  The slope aspect of eastern side of the road corridor generally
Jorabat and Baridua having high slope angle >35⁰ towards NW and western towards NE directions.
 DRAINAGE MAP STREAM POWER INDEX (SPI) MAP

 The area is dissected by streams of 1st to 4th order. • SPI of the area varies from -13.8 to 8.3.
 Major river in the area is Umtrew River, flowing north easterly • SPI is high towards north of Pahammawlein, south of
 Drainage pattern is trellis and subdentric Umling and Jorabat area and SPI is low in Byrnihat area
 Slope Facet Map Relative Relief Map

3770 nos. of slope facet prepared considering Relative relief above 100m observed south of
contour, slope aspect and drainage Pahammawlein
GEOMORPHON MAP
 Landform map of the area
represents 10 geomorphon classes
 Slope covers 46.02% of the total
area, followed by spur (18.53%),
hollow (14.26%), valley (8.8%),
ridge (5.2%) etc
 Out of 44 nos. of landslides marked,
28 nos. falling in slope, 12 nos. in
spur and 4 nos. in hollow classes.
 Epicentre of earthquakes surrounding the study area

Study area
Study area

Source: earthquake.usgs.gov

• As per Seismic zonation map of India by BIS 2002, the study

area falls in zone V, seismically most active region.
• Earthquake of magnitude maximum 5.2 is marked from the Earthquake epicentre on Google Earth Imagery
near by area
FIELD BASED STUDIES

• Covered 18 L km (45%)

Prepared
SFM map
Landslide domain map
Landslide incidence map
Landslide management map
Element at risk map
Slope stability analysis
 SFM MAP

Insitu soil, Shangbangla village Weathered migmatite, Mawtnum village

Younger loose debris, Saiden Porphyritic granite, Pahamrioh village

 LULC MAP

SV to Barren

Cultivation to Barren Land

Source: Aster data

SV to MV

Pre-field map Field validated map Modifications in map

 LANDSLIDE DOMAIN MAP

Landslide Domain Map Cut slope domain (3%)

 LANDSLIDE DOMAIN MAP

Debris slide Domain Map (7%) Earth slide Domain Map (68%) Rock slide Domain Map (10%)
 LANDSLIDE INCIDENCE MAP

 44 no. of landslides marked

in pre-field landslide
inventory
 15 no. of landslides
recorded.
 Out of which 13 nos. are
rotational and 2 nos. are
translational slides
Pre-field map Field validated map
 Landslide incidence at Umdihar with preliminary mitigative measures

Rill erosion

Benches

Remedial measures
• Construction of concrete wall (3m) for
Length 38 m Geo-scientific Causes
Width 42 m toe support along with weep holes
• Initiated by slope cut for road
Height 30 m • Cover the exposed surface with
construction.
Depth 4m geotextile to prevent surface erosion as
Run out distance 4m • Weak overburden comprising in-situ rill erosion started
Type of material Debris soil (3m) underlain by highly • Channeling and diversion of surface
Type of movement Slide weathered granite. drainage from the affected slope
Failure mechanism Shallow rotational • Increased pore water pressure reduced
Activity Reactivated
• Plantation of fibrous root plants on top
Distribution Enlarging
the shear strength of SFM during surface
Triggering factor Rainfall rainfall
 Landslide incidence at Mawtnum village with preliminary mitigative measures

Length 14 m Geo-scientific Causes Remedial measures

Width 8m
• Extensive slope cutting for road • Height of dry masonry wall has to be increased
Height 11 m
Depth 1.5m widening at an angle of 75˚ by 1-2m with cladding & back filled with self
Run out distance 4m • Thick overburden of 7m above draining material with sufficient weep holes
Type of material Earth weathered migmatite of AMGC • Protect the exposed surface of slide with
Type of movement Slide • Percolation of rainwater in thick geotextile to prevent surface erosion
Failure mechanism Shallow rotational • Surface runoff has to be diverted away from the
Activity Reactivated overburden reduced the cohesion
affected slope
Distribution Retrogressive within SFM material and slope failed
• Plantation of fibrous root plants on top surface
Triggering factor Rainfall due gravity
 Landslide Management at Shangbangla
Houses
h A
Tilted Churc
boulder

High risk for vehicles B

Causes
•Extensive slope cut for road construction
with out providing proper toe support
•Weak SFM (Weathered porphyritic granite
covered by 3m regolith)
•Oversaturation on SFM during heavy
rainfall reduced the shear strength of SFM
along cut slope
Advisory Disclaimer
•Scaling of crown of the slide to reduce the negative slope •Remove the damaged
•Construction of concrete cladded wall with weep holes upto gabion wall of 1.5m
boulder for toe support. Provide gabion wall backfilled with self height
draining material upto the negative slope.
•Plantation of fibrous roots plants on the top
•Diversion of surface run off/domestic discharge with chute drain
on both sides of the affected slope to the lined drainage
ELEMENT AT RISK MAP OF THE AREA

Considering settlements on modified slope, proximity of the

structures to landslide in the prepared landslide incidences and
slope angle ,clusters of settlements are under risk.
 Markland’s test of Granite Gneiss at Shangbangla, Ribhoi District. Meghalaya

Joints

αs> αi>Φ- for wedge failure

Slope: 70°/N280°
J1: 58°/N050°, J2: 36°/N220°,
J3: 35°/N330°, J4: 80°/N030°,
J5:78°/N120°
Slope: 70°/N330°,
Φ: Angle of Internal friction Location: N 25°57’20.93’’, E 91°51’50.3’’
αs: Slope Inclination
αi: Plunge of line of intersection
UCS/ RQD Discontinui Condition of GW Mode of
RMR Class
Rating Rating ty spacing Discontinuity Rating Failure
II
7 17 10 20 15 69 Wedge
Good UCS data collection
Markland’s test of Granite at Umdihar, Ribhoi District. Meghalaya (N 25°50’59.11’’, E 91°52’39.00’’)

Joints

Slope: 70°/N095°
J1: 24°/N040°, J2: 70°/N015°,
J3: 80-°/N160°
Φ: Angle of Internal friction
αs: Slope Inclination

UCS/ RQD Discontinuity Condition of GW

RMR Class Rock Type
Rating Rating spacing Discontinuity Rating
12 17 10 25 0 64 II (Good) Granite
12 17 10 25 10 74 II (Good) Granite
12 20 5 25 15 77 II (Good) Granite
0 3 5 20 10 38 IV (Poor) Weathered Migmatite
0 3 8 10 10 36 IV (Poor) Weathered Granite
12 20 15 20 10 77 II (Good) Granite
12 20 10 0 15 57 III (Fair) Gneiss
 COLLECTION OF UNDISTURBED SOIL/ DEBRIS MATERIAL FROM UNDISTURBED SLOPE

Waxing of
Tube

Tube straighten up for

Wax and sample to settle down
Sample packing of
disturbed sample
 Highlights
• The area comprises Archaean to Prorerozoic gneiss of AMG intruded by Neoproterozoic Nongpoh Granitoids
• Field component of 18 L km (45%) of various thematic maps have been completed
• A total of 15 nos. of landslides have been observed and recorded as per 42-point geo-parametric attributes of
landslide study. Out of this, 9 are earth slides and 6 are debris slides
• SFM in the area comprises insitu soil, transported soil, younger loose debris, colluvium, porphyritic granite,
granite gneiss, weathered granite, gneiss and migmatite
• Landslide domain map shows that 68% is earth slide domain (dominate), 10% is rock slide domain, 7% is
debris slide domain and 3% is cut slope domain. SFM along the cut slope along NH-6 demarcated separately
and comprises mostly of porphyritic granite, weathered granite, gneiss and weathered gneiss
• All the recorded landslides are due to extensive slope cut for road widening activities since 2014

• Landslide management maps prepared for Shangbangla and Nongpoh areas

• RMR of porphyritic granite of Nongpoh Granitoids falls in Good category (Class-II) as the value ranges from
64-70. The RMR of granite gneiss of AMGC falls in range of Good (Class-II) and Fair (Class-III) category.

• Collected 6 rock samples and 2 soil samples for Geotechnical analysis

 CONTOUR MAP OF THE AREA

 As per SOP, prepared contour map with

5m contour interval
 Countour values varies from10m to
740m from MSL
 Topogroaphic elevation decreases from
south to north in the study area
 SLOPE GRADIENT MAP

 Slope angle varies from 0 to 51.11⁰

 Area around Nongpoh, Umling,
Pahammawlein, Jorabat and Baridua
Source: Aster data
having high slope angle >35⁰
SLOPE ASPECT MAP

 Slope aspect classes shows nearly

equal and even distribution in the
study area
 The slope aspect of eastern side of
the road corridor generally towards
NNW, NW and WNW directions and
western towards NE, ENE and ESE
directions.
 DRAINAGE MAP

 The area is dissected by streams of 1st to

4th order.
 Major river in the area is Umtrew
River, flowing north easterly direction
 Drainage pattern is trellis and subdentric
 STREAM POWER INDEX (SPI) MAP

 It is a tool to define the potential flow erosion at a

given point of the topographic surface
• SPI of the area varies from -13.8 to 8.3.
• SPI is high towards north of Pahammawlein, south of
Umling and Jorabat area.
• SPI is low in Byrnihat area as the slope angle is <15˚
and elevation is below 25m from MSL.