JET ENGINES;

ROCKET ENGINES
BY VISHNU R
The basic principle of Jet Engine
 A jet engine keeps an aircraft moving forward using a very simple
principle, the same that makes an air filled balloon move. Yes,
Newton’s third law of motion. Just like the reaction force produced
by the air moves the balloon, the reaction force produced by the high
speed jet at the tail of the jet engine makes it move forward.
The basic components of a jet engine
 Entering air
 Diffuser
 Compressor
 Combustion Chamber
 Turbine
 Nozzle
 Air is drawn into the rotating compressor via the intake and is compressed to a
higher pressure before entering the combustion chamber.
 Fuel is mixed with the compressed air and ignited by a flame in the eddy of aflame
holder.
 Hot combustion products leaving the combustor expand through the turbine where
power is extracted to drive the compressor.
 The gas stream exiting the turbine expands to ambient pressure via the propelling
nozzle, producing a high velocity jet in the exhaust plume.
Compressor for effective combustion

 Effective combustion require, the air which enters the combustion chamber to be
at moderately high temperature and pressure. To bring the air to this condition, a
set of compressor stages are used.
Combustion chamber – The fuel consumer

 Such high speed exhaust is achieved by a combination of techniques. If you can

heat the incoming air to a high temperature, it will expand tremendously and will
create the high velocity jet. For this purpose a combustion chamber is used.
The turbine

 The compressor receives the energy for the rotation from a turbine, which is
placed right after the combustion chamber. The compressor and turbine are
attached to the same shaft. The high energy fluid that leaves the chamber makes
the turbine blades turn.
The Bypass Ratio
 A turbofan engine bypasses a huge amount of air around its core engine area. This
means that a good amount of mass flows over the engine without undergoing the
combustion process.The ratio of bypassed air to the core mass flow air is called as
Bypass Ratio(BPR). The ever narrowing bypass duct provides a good jet velocity
to the bypassed air.
ROCKET ENGINE
 A rocket engine differs from a jet engine in that the oxidizing agent
is carried with the engine.
 Instead of depending on the surrounding air to support combustion,
the rocket is self-contained.
 This means that the rocket can operate in a vacuum such as in outer
space. In fact, the performance is better in a vacuum because none
of the thrust is required to overcome friction forces.
Oxidizer
 In rockets burning liquid fuels, the oxidizing agent (e.g., liquid oxygen or nitrogen tetroxide) is pumped from tanks
into the combustion chamber.
Fuel
 fuel (e.g., hydrogen, kerosene, or monomethylhydrazine) is pumped into the chamber and burned.
Combustion chamber
 The combustion takes place at a constant high pressure and produces high-temperature product gases that are
expanded in a nozzle
Thank you…