Stoichiometry

I. Stoichiometric
Calculations
A. Proportional Relationships

2 1/4 c. flour 3/4 c. brown sugar

1 tsp. baking soda 1 tsp vanilla extract
1 tsp. salt 2 eggs
1 c. butter 2 c. chocolate chips
3/4 c. sugar Makes 5 dozen cookies.
 I have 5 eggs. How many cookies
can I make?
Ratio of eggs to cookies
5 eggs 5 doz.
= 12.5 dozen cookies
2 eggs
A. Proportional Relationships

 Stoichiometry
• mass relationships between
substances in a chemical reaction
• based on the mole ratio

 Mole Ratio
• indicated by coefficients in a
balanced equation
2 Mg + O2  2 MgO
B. Stoichiometry Steps
1. Write a balanced equation.
2. Identify known & unknown.
3. Line up conversion factors.
• Mole ratio - moles  moles
• Molar mass - moles  grams
• Molarity - moles  liters soln
• Molar volume - moles  liters gas

• Mole ratio - moles  moles

Core step in all stoichiometry problems!!

4. Check answer.
C. Molar Volume at STP

1 mol of a gas=22.4 L
at STP

Standard Temperature& Pressure

0°C and 1 atm
 C. Molar Volume at STP
LITERS
OF GAS
AT STP
Molar Volume
(22.4 L/mol)

MASS NUMBER
Molar Mass 6.02  1023
IN MOLES particles/mol OF
(g/mol)
GRAMS PARTICLES

Molarity (mol/L)

LITERS
OF
SOLUTION
D. Stoichiometry Problems

 How many moles of KClO3 must

decompose in order to produce 9
moles of oxygen gas?
2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
? mol 9 mol

9 mol O2 2 mol KClO3

= 6 mol
3 mol O2 KClO3
 D. Stoichiometry Problems
 How many grams of KClO3 are req’d to
produce 9.00 L of O2 at STP?
2KClO3  2KCl + 3O2
?g 9.00 L
9.00 L 1 mol 2 mol 122.55
O2 O2 KClO3 g KClO3
= 32.8 g
22.4 L 3 mol 1 mol KClO3
O2 O2 KClO3
D. Stoichiometry Problems
 How many grams of silver will be
formed from 12.0 g copper?
Cu + 2AgNO3  2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
12.0 g ?g

12.0 1 mol 2 mol 107.87

g Cu Cu Ag g Ag
= 40.7 g
63.55 1 mol 1 mol Ag
g Cu Cu Ag
 1. Mg(s) + HCl(aq)  MgCl (aq) + H (g)
2 2

 a. How many grams of HCl

are consumed by the reaction of
2.50 moles of magnesium?
 b. What is the mass in grams
of H2 gas when 5.0 moles of HCl
is added to the reaction?
2. 4 NH3 + 5 O2 6 H2O + 4 NO
 a. How many moles of H2O can be
made using 2.3 mol NH3?
 b. What mass of NH3 is needed to
make 0.75 mol NO?
 c. How many grams of NO can be
made from 47 g of NH3?