9TH

GRADE

QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS
Mathematics Grade 9 – Quarter 1 – Week 1

Ms. Christene Joy L. Jeresano, LPT

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SOLVING SOLVING SOLVING

01 QUADRATIC 02 QUADRATIC 03 QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS BY EQUATIONS BY EQUATIONS BY
THE SQUARE COMPLETING THE THE QUADRATIC
ROOT PROPERTY SQUARE FORMULA
GRAPHING INTERVAL NOTATION,
04 QUADRATIC 05 FINDING DOMAINS AND
EQUATIONS IN RANGES FROM GRAPHS
TWO VARIABLES AND GRAPHING
PIECEWISE-DEFINED
FUNCTIONS
 00
REVIEW:
SOLVING USING
THE ZERO
PRODUCT
PROPERTY
 SOLVING: FACTORING
EQUATION INSTRUCTION
x² + 2x + 25 = 11x + 5
First, set the equation equal to 0 (move
everything to one side)
x² - 9x + 20 = 0

(x - 5) (x - 4) = 0 Next, factor the quadratic

x-5=0 x-4=0 Use the Zero Product Property to split

into two equations and solve each one
x=5 x=4 separately
 MODEL TO FACTOR AND
X² - 9X + 20 = SOLVE
0 X² -5X
X - 5
FIRST
The first term is from
INNER
The middle term is
multiplying the splitted as the sum of
X
X² -5X variables two terms

- -4X 20
4
-4X 20 OUTER
Be mindful of the sign,
LAST
The last term is from
be it positive or multiplying the outer
negative terms
 MODEL TO FACTOR AND
X² + 8X + 15 = SOLVE
0 X² 3X
X + 3
FIRST
The first term is from
INNER
The middle term is
multiplying the splitted as the sum of
X
X² 3X variables two terms

+ 5X 15
5
5X 15 OUTER
Be mindful of the sign,
LAST
The last term is from
be it positive or multiplying the outer
negative terms
 01
SOLVING
QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS BY
THE SQUARE
ROOT
 SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY
We previously have used factoring to solve
quadratic equations.

This chapter will introduce additional methods for

solving quadratic equations.

● SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY

If b is a real number and a 2 = b, then
a  = ± √ b
 SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY
EXAMPL
E
Solve x2 = 49
a  = ± √ b
x  = ± √ 49
x  = ± 7
 SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY
EXAMPL
E
Solve x2 = 49 Solve 2x2 = 4
a  = ± √ b a  = ± √ b
x  = ± √ 49 2 x 2  = 4
x  = ± 7 x 2  = 2
x  = ± √ 2
 SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY
EXAMPL
E
Solve x2 = 49 Solve 2x2 = 4 Solve (y – 3)2 = 4
a  = ± √ b a  = ± √ b y − 3 = ± √ 4
x  = ± √ 49 2 x 2  = 4 y  = 3  ± 2
x  = ± 7 x 2  = 2 y = 5 or  1
x  = ± √ 2
 SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY
EXAMPL
E 2
Solve x + 4 =
0
x 2  =  –   4
x  = ± √ – 4
There is no real solution because the square root of –4
is not a real number.
 SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY
EXAMPL
E
Solve (x + 2)2 = 25

x  + 2 = ± √ 25
x  = –2 ±5
7
 SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY
EXAMPL
E
Solve (3x – 17)2 =
28
3 x  – 17 = ± √ 28
3 x  – 17 = ±  2 √7
3 x  = 17 ±  2 √7
17 ± 2 √ 7
x  = 
3
 02
SOLVING
QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS BY
COMPLETING
THE SQUARE
 COMPLETING THE SQUARE
In all four of the previous examples, the constant in the square on the
right side, is half the coefficient of the x term on the left.
Also, the constant on the left is the square of the constant on the right.
So, to find the constant term of a perfect square trinomial, we need to
take the square of half the coefficient of the x term in the trinomial
(as long as the coefficient of the x 2 term is 1, as in our previous
examples).
 COMPLETING THE SQUARE
EXAMPL
E
What constant term should be added to the following
expressions to create a perfect square trinomial?
x 2  – 10 x x 2  + 16 x x 2  – 7 x
add
add add
 COMPLETING THE SQUARE

We now look at a method for solving quadratics that involves a

technique called completing the square.
It involves creating a trinomial that is a perfect square, setting the
factored trinomial equal to a constant, then using the square root
property from the previous section.
 COMPLETING THE SQUARE
Solving a quadratic equation by completing a square:
1. If the coefficient of x2 is NOT 1, divide both
sides of the equation by the coefficient.
2. Isolate all variable terms on one side of the
equation.
3. Complete the square (half the coefficient of the x
term squared, added to both sides of the
equation).
4. Factor the resulting trinomial.
5. Use the square root property.
 COMPLETING THE SQUARE
EXAMPL
SolveEby completing the
square.
y2  + 6 y  =  –8 ( y  + 3 )2  = 1
add y  + 3 =  ± √1
y2  + 6 y  + 9 =  –8  + 9 y  + 3 =  ± 1
y2  + 6 y   + 9 =  1 y  = –3  ±  1
( y  + 3 )2  = 1 y  = –2  or  –4
 SOLVING: SQUARE ROOT
PROPERTY
What if the number involve fraction? How do we take its square root?

49 Given. Note that we always put the

1 X ² = 
25
sign when we solve for the square
root.

√ 49
2 X  =  ±
√ 25
We can separate radicals for numerator
and denominator

7 Take the square root each for the

3 x  =  ±
5
numerator and the denominator if
possible
 COMPLETING THE SQUARE
EXAMPL
SolveEby completing the

√
square.
y2  +  y – 7 = 0
1 29
y  + =  ±
y2  +  y  = 7 2 4
y  = –  ± √
add 1 29
2 √4
1 1
y  = –  ± √
y2  +  y   + =  7   + 1 29
4 4 2 2

( ) 1 2 29
y  +  =
2 4
y  = 
– 1  ±   √ 29
2
 COMPLETING THE SQUARE
EXAMPL
SolveEby completing the

( )
square. 7 2 51
x  + =
2x 2  + 14 x  – 1 = 0 2 4
2x 2  + 14 x  = 1
2
x  + 7 x  =
1
2
x  +
7
2
=  ±
7 √ 51
x  = –   ±
51
4√
add
2 √4
7 √ 51
x  = –   ±
2 2
49 1 49
2
x  + x  + =   + – 7 ±   √ 51
4 2 4 x  = 
2
 SOLVING: COMPLETING
THE SQUARE
EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
x² + 2x - 8 = 0 x² - 16x + 64 = 0

x² + 2x + (+1)² = 8 + (+1)² x² - 16x + (-8)² = -64 + (-8)²

(x + 1)² = 9 (x - 8)² = 0

x + 1 = ±√9 x - 8 = ±√0

x= - 1 ± 3 x=8±0

x = 2, x = -4 x=8
 03
SOLVING
QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS BY
THE
QUADRATIC
THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
Another technique for solving quadratic equations is to use the quadratic
formula.
The formula is derived from completing the square of a general quadratic
equation.
THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
A quadratic equation written in standard form, ax2 + bx + c = 0, has the
solutions.

– b   ±   √ b   –   4 ac
2
x=
2a
 THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
EXAMPL
E 11n2 – 9n = 1 by the quadratic formula.
Solve

–(–9) ±  √( –9)  – 4(11)(–1)

2
2
11 n –  9 n  = 1 n =
11n 2 –  9 n  – 1 = 0 2(11)
9   ±   √ 81 +  4 4
abc n  =
22
– b  ±  √ b2   –  4 ac 9   ±   √ 125
n  = n  =
2a 22
9   ±  5 √ 5
n  =
22
 THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
EXAMPL
E 2
Solve x + x = 0 by the quadratic formula.
– (8) ±  √ (8)  –  4(1)( –20)
2
1 5
x 2  +  x  – = 0 x  =
4 2 2(1)
(multiply both sides by – 8   ±   √ 64 +  80
8) 2 x  =
x + 8 x  – 20 = 0 2
– 8   ±   √ 144
abc x  =
2
– b ±   √ b2  –   4ac x  =
– 8   ±  12
x  = 2
2a
x  = –10 or  2
 THE QUADRATIC FORMULA
EXAMPL
Solve
E x(x + 6) = –30 by the quadratic
formula.
– (6) ±  √ (6)   –  4 (1)(30)
2

x 2 –  6 x  + 30 = 0 x  =
2(1)
abc
– 6   ±   √ 36  –  120
x  =
– b ±   √ b  –   4ac
2
2
x  =
2a –6 ±   √ – 84
x  =
2
So there is no real solution.
 03.
5
THE
DISCRIMINANT
 THE DISCRIMINANT
The expression under the radical sign in the formula (b 2 – 4ac ) is called
the discriminant.

– b   ±   √ b   –   4 ac
2
x=
2a
 THE DISCRIMINANT
b2 – 4ac > POSITIVE
0 Two real solutions

b2 – 4ac = ZERO
0 1 solution

b2 – 4ac < NEGATIVE

0 No real solution

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data

and then paste the new one here.
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 THE DISCRIMINANT
EXAMPL
E
Use the discriminant to determine the number and type of
solutions for the following equation.
5 –  4 x  + 12x 2  = 0
abc
b2   – 4 ac = ( – 4 )2  – 4(12)( 5)
= 16 – 24 0
=  –  224
There are no real solutions.
 STEPS IN SOLVING QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS

1S 2N 3R 4R
SQUARE
T D QUADRA
D T
ROOT FACTOR
If not solved in
TIC CHECK
PROPERT step 1, write the FORMUL Always check to
equation in If you haven’t write the sign and
Y is in
If the equation standard form. Try solved A
it yet, use the answer in its
the form , use the to solve by lowest term.
the quadratic
square root property factoring. formula.
to solve.
 SOLVING EQUATIONS
EXAMPL
E 12x = .
Solve – b ±   √ b2  –   4ac
x  =
0= 2a

0= –(– 3) ±  √ (– 3)2  –  4(1)(1)

x  =
Let a b c 2(1)
3   ±   √ 9  –   4
x  =
2
3 ±   √5
x  =
2
 SOLVING EQUATIONS
EXAMPL
SolveEthe following quadratic
equation.
5 2 1
m  +  m  – = 0
8 2
Multiply each term
by 8. 2
5m  + 8m  –  4 = 0
(5m  –  2)(m  + 2) = 0
5m  –  2 = 0 m  + 2 = 0
2
m  = 
5
m  = –2
 04
GRAPHING
QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS IN
TWO
VARIABLES
 GRAPH OF QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS
DIRECTRI PARABOL
X
The directrix is
Ahe graph of a
T
quadratic equation is
perpendicular to the axis of a parabola.
symmetry of a parabola.

AXIS OF
VERTEX
The highest point or
lowest point on the
SYMMETRY
Axis of symmetry is the
parabola is the line that runs through the
vertex. vertex and through the
middle of the parabola.
 THE DISCRIMINANT
EXAMPL
E
Graph . (–2, 4) (2, 4)

x y
2 4
1 2
(–1, – 2) (1, –2)
0 4
1 2
2 4 (0, –4)
 INTERCEPTS OF THE
PARABOLA
Although we can simply plot points, it is helpful to
know some information about the parabola we will be
graphing prior to finding individual points.

• To find x-intercepts of the parabola, let y = 0 and

•
solve for x.
To find y-intercepts of the parabola, let x = 0 and
solve for y.
 INTERCEPTS OF THE
PARABOLA
If the quadratic equation is written in standard form, ,
1. The parabola opens up when a > 0 and opens down when a
< 0.
2. The x-coordinate of the vertex is .
To find the corresponding y-coordinate, you substitute the x-
coordinate into the equation and evaluate for y.
 THE DISCRIMINANT
EXAMPL (1, 7)

E .
Graph
(0, 5) (2, 5)
Since and , the graph opens down and the x-
coordinate of the vertex is .

x y
3 1 (–1, – (3, –1)
1)
2 5
1 7
0 5
1 1
 05
INTERVAL NOTATION,
FINDING DOMAIN
AND RANGES FROM
GRAPHS, AND
GRAPHING
PIECEWISE-DEFINED
 DOMAIN AND RANGE

Recall that a set of ordered pairs is also called a

relation.

 The domain is the set of x-coordinates of the

ordered pairs.
 The range is the set of y-coordinates of the
ordered pairs.
 DOMAIN AND RANGE
EXAMPL
E
Find the domain and range of the relation {(4,9), (–
4,9), (2,3), (10, –5)}

 Domain is the set of all x-values, {4, –4, 2, 10}

 Range is the set of all y-values, {9, 3, –5}
 DOMAIN AND RANGE
EXAMPL
Ethe domain and range of the
Find
function graphed to the right. Use Domain
interval notation.
(–3,
Domain is [–3, 2)
4]
Range is [–4, 2] Range

(4, –
4)
 DOMAIN AND RANGE
EXAMPL
Ethe domain and range of the
Find
function graphed to the right. Use
interval notation.
Range
Domain is (–∞, ∞)

Range is [–2, ∞)
(2,–
2)
Domain
 DOMAIN AND RANGE
EXAMPL
E (3, 6)
Graph Open
Circle
(0, 3)
Graph each “piece” separately.

Values  0. Values > 0.

Closed (0, –
x f (x) = 3x – 1 x f (x) = x + Circle 1)
3
0 – 1 (closed (–1,
circle) 1 4 4)
–1 – 4 2 5 (–2,
–2 – 7 3 6 7)