COUNTING

OUTCOMES
Week 7 – Quarter 4 – Grade 8 Mathematics
 COUNTING OUTCOMES

OBJECTIVE ESSENTIAL
To develop fluency with counting QUESTIONS
strategies to determine the sample How can I construct and use a
space for an event. frequency table (a.k.a. tree diagram)?

How can I use the Fundamental

Counting Principle to find the
number of outcomes?
 INTRODUCTION
Have you ever seen or heard the Subway or Starbucks advertising campaigns
where they talk about the 10,000 different combinations of ways to order a sub
or drink?
 INTRODUCTION
Have you ever seen or heard the Subway or Starbucks advertising campaigns
where they talk about the 10,000 different combinations of ways to order a sub
or drink?

When companies like these make these claims they are using all the different
condiments and ways to serve a drink.
These companies can use (2) ideas related to combinations to make these
claims:

THE
TREE DIAGRAMS FUNDAMENTAL
COUNTING
PRINCIPLE
 0
1
TREE DIAGRAMS

A tree diagram is a diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes in a
probability experiment.
 02
THE FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLE
Or FCP uses multiplication of the number of ways each event in an experiment can occur to find the number
of possible outcomes in a sample space.
 EXAMPLE 1: TREE DIAGRAM

A new polo shirt is released in 4

different colors and 5 different sizes.
How many different color and size
combinations are available to the
public?

Colors – (Yellow, Pink, Blue, Green)

Sizes – (S, M, L, XL, XXL)
 Yellow, S

Yellow, M

Yellow, L

Yellow
Yellow, XL

Yellow, XXL

Pink, S
Pink, M

Pink, L
Pink

Pink, XL
Pink, XXL

Blue, S

Blue, M

Blue, L
Blue

Blue, XL

Blue, XXL
There are 20 different combinations.

Green, S
Green, M
EXAMPLE 1: TREE DIAGRAM

Green, L
Green

Green, XL
Green, XXL
 FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
EXAMPLE 2:PRINCIPLE

A new polo shirt is released in 4

different colors and 5 different sizes.
How many different color and size
combinations are available to the
public?

Colors – (Yellow, Pink, Blue, Green)

Sizes – (S, M, L, XL, XXL)
 FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
EXAMPLE 2:PRINCIPLE
Colors – (Yellow, Pink, Blue, Green)
Sizes – (S, M, L, XL, XXL)

Number of Possible Number of Possible Number of Possible

Colors Sizes Outcomes

4 5 20
THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING
(FPC)
To determine the number of different outcomes possible in some complex process:

COUNT
Count the number of options that are available at each
stage or decision.

1st step 2nd step 3rd step

BREAK
DOWN THE MATH PART
Analytically break down the process into Multiply the numbers from
separate stages or decisions. Step 2 together.
 COUNTING TECHNIQUES

Tree diagrams and the Fundamental Counting Principle are two different
algorithms for finding sample space of a probability problem.

However, tree diagrams work better for some problems and the fundamental
counting principle works better for other problems.
EXAMPLE 3: TREE DIAGRAM
Tamara spins a spinner two
Pink, Pink
times. What is her probability
of spinning a pink on the
first spin and a blue on the second
spin?
Pink, Blue

Blue, Pink

Only one outcome has pink then blue, and there are 4 Blue, Blue
possibilities…so the P(pink, blue) = ¼ or .25 or 25%
 FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
EXAMPLE 3:PRINCIPLE

If a lottery game is made up of three digits from 0 to 9, what

is the probability of winning if you buy one ticket?

.. Number of Number of Number of Number of Possible

Possible Digits Possible Digits Possible Digits Outcomes

10 10 10 1000
Because there are 1000 different possibilities, buying one ticket gives you a 1/1000 probability or
0.001 or 0.1% chance of winning.
 03
GUIDED PRACTICE

Determine the probability for each problem.

 Determine the probability for each problem.

(1) How many outfits are possible

from a pair of jeans or khaki shorts
and a choice of yellow, blue, or violet
shirt?

(2) Scott has 5 shirts, 3 pairs of pants,

and 4 pairs of socks. How many
different outfits can Scott choose with
a shirt, pair of pants, and pair of
socks?
 Determine the probability for each problem.

(1) How many outfits are possible

from a pair of jeans or khaki shorts Pants Shorts

and a choice of yellow, pink, or violet

shirt?
Yellow Pink Violet Yellow Pink Violet

Pants, Yellow Shirt

(2) Scott has 5 shirts, 3 pairs of pants, Pants, Pink Shirt

Pants, Violet Shirt
and 4 pairs of socks. How many Shorts, Yellow Shirt
different outfits can Scott choose with Shorts, Pink Shirt

a shirt, pair of pants, and pair of Shorts, Violet Shirt

socks? There are a total of 6 different outfits.

 Determine the probability for each problem.

(1) How many outfits are possible

from a pair of jeans or khaki shorts
and a choice of yellow, blue, or violet
shirt?

(2) Scott has 5 shirts, 3 pairs of pants,

and 4 pairs of socks. How many
different outfits can Scott choose with a
shirt, pair of pants, and pair of socks?
 Determine the probability for each problem.

(1) How many outfits are possible

from a pair of jeans or khaki shorts
and a choice of yellow, blue, or violet
shirt? Number of Number of Pants Number of Number of
Shirts Socks Possible Outfits

5 3 4 60
(2) Scott has 5 shirts, 3 pairs of pants,
Sixty different outfits can Scott choose from his
and 4 pairs of socks. How many
shirts, pants, and socks.
different outfits can Scott choose with a
shirt, pair of pants, and pair of socks?
 04
REAL WORLD EXAMPLES

Determine the probability for each problem.

 REAL WORLD EXAMPLE 1

THE FUNDAMENTAL
COUNTING PRINCIPLE
How many seven-digit telephone numbers can be
made up using the digits 0-9, without repetition?

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 604,800
There are 604,800 different numbers subscribers
can choose from.
 REAL WORLD EXAMPLE 2

COIN TOSS
Kaitlyn tosses a coin 3 times. Draw a
picture showing the possible
outcomes. What is the probability of
getting at least 2 tails?
 REAL WORLD EXAMPLE 2
H, H, H
COIN TOSS H, H, T
Kaitlyn tosses a coin 3 times. Draw a H, T, H
picture showing the possible
outcomes. What is the probability of H, T, T
getting at least 2 tails?
T, H, H
Answer: P(at least 2 tails) = ½ T, H, T

T, T, H

T, T, T
 SUMMARY

(1) A tree diagram is used to show all the possible outcomes, or sample space,
in a probability experiment.

(2) The fundamental counting principle can be used to count the number of
possible outcomes given an event that can happen in some number of ways
followed by another event that can happen in some number of different ways.
 SUMMARY
So, when should I use a tree diagram or the fundamental counting principle?

(1) A tree diagram is used to:

● show sample space;
● count the number of preferred outcomes.

(2) The fundamental counting principle can be used to:

● count the total number of outcomes.
 THANKS!
Any questions?

christenejoyjeresano@gmail.com
+63 929 412 8685

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