COUNTING

TECHNIQUES
 1.
Finding the Number of Possible Outcomes of
an Experiment
Using the tree diagram and the listing method
Spinner 2
1 3

9 4

8 6
7
 2.
Using the Fundamental Principle of
Counting
m × n ...
 The Fundamental Principle of Counting (FPC)
To determine the number of different outcomes
possible in some complex process:
1. Analytically break down the process into separate
stages or decisions.
2. Count the number of options that are available at each
stage or decision.
3. Multiply together all of the numbers from Step 2
above.
A new polo shirt is released in 4
different colors and 5 different
sizes. How many different color
and size combinations are available
to the public?
 EZ2 Lotto is a 2-number
combination drawing from a
range of 1 to 31, thus ensuing a
possibility of repetition. How
many possible combinations
are there?
 A certain state uses license
plates that have six characters.
The first two characters must be
letters. The last four characters
are numbers. How many unique
license plates can be made?
 If Jim has five shirts
and three pairs of
pants, how many
different combinations
of clothes can he wear?
Gomer has to take a 5 question
true/false quiz, but he hasn't
studied. He will guess at each
problem. In how many different
ways is it possible to answer the
quiz questions?
You are purchasing a new car. Using the following
manufacturers, car sizes and colors, how many
different ways can you select one manufacturer,
one car size and one color?

Manufacturer: Ford, GM, Chrysler

Car size: small, medium
Color: white(W), red(R), black(B), green(G)
Mikaela forgot the passcode of her
phone but she was sure that the
passcode has the digits 1, 3, 7, and 9.
How many possible ways can these ****
digits be arranged if repetitions are
NOT allowed?
 Factorial
When repetition is not allowed (in ome books the term is
replacement)
 Factorial Notation
Given a natural number n, the symbol
n! (read as n factorial) is the product of all
natural numbers from n to 1.
𝑛! = 𝑛(𝑛 − 1)(𝑛 − 2) … 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1
We define 0! = 1
 A box contains a yellow, red,
blue, and green ball. How many
possible outcomes are there if
four balls were drawn from the
box one at a time?
If there are 5 different
books on a shelf, how
many ways are there to
arrange those books?
 Quiz time!
Let’s Check Your
Understanding
 Solve the following for 20 minutes.
1. A woman is to dress up for a casual party. If she has
three available shirts, two pairs of jeans, three jackets,
and two pairs of shoes to choose from, in how many
ways can she dress up for the party?
2. What are the possible outcomes if you roll a 6-sided die
and then toss 3 coins?
3. How many ways can you arrange the numbers 1, 3, 7,
and 9 to form a 4-digit numbers if repetition is allowed?
4. How many ways can you arrange the numbers 1, 3, 7,
and 9 to form a 4-digit numbers if repetition is NOT
allowed?
5. How many unique license plates can be made if the first
three are letters followed by four digits?
 Solve the following for 20 minutes.
6. The access code for a car’s security system consists of
four digits. Each digit can be 0 through 9. How many
access codes are possible if each digit can be repeated?
7. How many outfits are possible from a pair of jean or
khaki shorts and a choice of yellow, white, or blue shirt?
8. Scott has 5 shirts, 3 pairs of pants, and 4 pairs of socks.
How many different outfits can Scott choose with a
shirt, pair of pants, and pair of socks?
9. If a lottery game is made up of three digits from 0 to 9,
what is the total number of possible outcomes?
10. In how many ways can Danny roll a 6-sided die and spin
an 8-sectioned spinner?
 Assignment!
Let’s Do More
p. 284, 1-5
&
Bring a calculator!