Circle Lesson

Topic 9 Lesson 3
Circles in the Coordinate Plane

I CAN…
use the equations and graphs of circles to solve problems.
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Topic 9 Lesson 3
MODEL & DISCUSS

Damian uses an app to find all pizza restaurants within a certain distance of his
current location.
A. W
hat is the shape of the region that the app uses to search for pizza restaurants?
Explain how you know.
B. What information do you think the app needs to determine the area to search?
C. C
onstruct Arguments If Damian’s friend is using the same app from a different
location, could the app find the same pizza restaurant for both boys? Explain.
Topic 9 Lesson 3
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
How is the equation of a circle determined in the coordinate plane?
CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING
EXAMPLE 1 Derive the Equation of a Circle
What equation defines a circle in the coordinate plane?
Draw a circle with point (h, k) as the center of the circle.
Then select any point (x, y) on the circle.
Use the Distance Formula to find the distance r between
the two points.
Because the radius is the same from the center to any point (x, y) on the circle, the
equation
r2 = (x − h)2 + (y − k)2, or (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2, satisfies all points of the circle.
GENERALIZE
What other formula or formulas compares the sum of two squares to a third
square? How are these formulas related?
Topic 9 Lesson 3
EXAMPLE 1 Derive the Equation of a Circle
Try It!
1. What are the radius and center of the circle with the equation
(x − 2)2 + (y − 3)2 = 25?
Topic 9 Lesson 3
THEOREM 9-1
Equation of a Circle
An equation of a circle with center (h, k) and radius r is (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2.
PROOF: SEE EXERCISE 13.
If...
Then... (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2
Topic 9 Lesson 3
EXAMPLE 2 Write the Equation of a Circle

What is the equation for ⊙A?
The notation ⊙A means a circle with center at point A.
Step 1 Find the radius r.
The radius is the distance from P to A.
The radius of the circle is .
Step 2 Use the radius and center of the circle to write the equation.
The equation for ⊙A is (x + 1)2 + (y − 2)2 = 13.
COMMON ERROR
Be careful with the signs of coordinates. Coordinates of the center are subtracted,
so if a coordinate is negative, the expression will convert to addition.
Topic 9 Lesson 3
EXAMPLE 2 Write the Equation of a Circle
Try It!
2. What is the equation for each circle?
a. b.
Topic 9 Lesson 3
EXAMPLE 3 Determine Whether a Point Lies on a Circle

Circle Q has radius 7 and is centered at the origin. Does the point
(−3 , 5)
lie onfor
Step 1 Write the equation ⊙Q?⊙Q. Step 2 Test the point (−3 , 5) in
(x − h) 2 + (y − k)2 = r2 the equation.
(x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 = 72 (−3 )2 + 52 ≟ 49
x2 + y2 = 49 18 + 25 ≟ 49
43 ≠ 49
The point (−3 , 5) does not lie on ⊙Q.

STUDY TIP
Remember that to square an expression a , you square both factors:
(a )2 = a2 ( )2.
Topic 9 Lesson 3
EXAMPLE 3 Determine Whether a Point Lies on a Circle
Try It!
3. Determine whether each point lies on the given circle.
a. (−3, ); circle with center at the origin and radius 2
b. (6, 3); circle with center at (2, 4) and radius 3
Topic 9 Lesson 3
EXAMPLE 4 Complete the Square to Find the Center and Radius

of a Circle
The equation x2 + y2 − 6x + 8y + 16 = 0 represents a circle. How can
you rewrite the equation to identify the center and radius of the
circle? Graph the circle.
Write the equation in the form (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2 by using the method of
completing the square.
Start by grouping terms by variable.
The center (h, k) is (3, −4). The radius r is 3.

Draw the circle.
HAVE A GROWTH MINDSET
How can you take on challenges with
positivity?
Topic 9 Lesson 3
EXAMPLE 4 Complete the Square to Find the Center and Radius

of a Circle
Try It!
4. What is the graph of each circle?
a. x2 + 4x + y2 = 21 b. x2 + 2x + y2 − 4y = −4
Topic 9 Lesson 3
APPLICATION
EXAMPLE 5 Use the Graph and Equation of a Circle to Solve Problems
Doppler radar technology helps detect precipitation. The equation
(x − 90)2 + (y − 180)2 = 8100 defines the outer range for
a Doppler station. Which cities are covered by the station?
Graph the equation to find the area covered by the Doppler station.
Since 8100 = 902, rewrite the equation:
(x − 90)2 + (y − 180)2 = 902
Fairfield, Greenville, and Haverford are inside or on the circle, so they are covered
by the Doppler station. You can verify the distances from Greenville and Haverford
to Fairfield are at most 90 miles.
Distance from Fairfield to Greenville:
Distance from Fairfield to Haverford:

CHOOSE EFFICIENT METHODS
How do the domain and range of the circle indicate that Davis, Maple Plain, and
Meyersville are not covered by the Doppler station?
Topic 9 Lesson 3
EXAMPLE 5 Use the Graph and Equation of a Circle to Solve Problems
Try It!
5. T
he range of a second Doppler station is defined by (x − 330)2 + (y − 150)2 = 8100. Will
the station cover the remaining three cities? Explain.
Topic 9 Lesson 3
CONCEPT SUMMARY
Equations and Graphs of Circles
WORDS A circle is the set of points equidistant from a fixed point. The fixed point is
the center.
ALGEBRA (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2 where (h, k) is the center and r is the radius.
GRAPH
Topic 9 Lesson 3
Do You UNDERSTAND?
1. ESSENTIAL QUESTION How is the equation of a circle determined in the coordinate
plane?
2. Error Analysis Leo says that the equation for the circle is (x − 1)2 + (y − 2)2 = 3.
What is his error?
3. Construct Arguments If you are given the coordinates of the center and one point on
a circle, can you determine the equation of the circle? Explain.
4. Make Sense and Persevere How could you write the equation of a circle given only
the coordinates of the endpoints of its diameter?
Topic 9 Lesson 3
Do You KNOW HOW?

5. What are the center and radius of the circle with equation (x − 4)2 + (y − 9)2 = 1?
6. What is the equation for the circle with center (6, 2) and radius 8?
7. What are the center and radius of the circle with equation (x + 7)2 + (y − 1)2 = 9?
8. What is the equation for the circle with center (−9, 5) and radius 4?
For Exercises 9 and 10, write an equation for each circle shown.
9. 10.
11. Is point (5, − 2) on the circle with radius 5 and center (8, 2)?
12. What is the equation for the circle with center (5, 11) that passes through (9, − 2)?

Circle Lesson

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Topic 9 Lesson 3

Circles in the Coordinate Plane

MODEL & DISCUSS

EXAMPLE 1 Derive the Equation of a Circle

PROOF: SEE EXERCISE 13.

Then... (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2

EXAMPLE 2 Write the Equation of a Circle

The radius of the circle is .

The equation for ⊙A is (x + 1)2 + (y − 2)2 = 13.

EXAMPLE 2 Write the Equation of a Circle

EXAMPLE 3 Determine Whether a Point Lies on a Circle

The point (−3 , 5) does not lie on ⊙Q.

EXAMPLE 3 Determine Whether a Point Lies on a Circle

EXAMPLE 4 Complete the Square to Find the Center and Radius

The center (h, k) is (3, −4). The radius r is 3.

EXAMPLE 4 Complete the Square to Find the Center and Radius

Distance from Fairfield to Greenville:

Distance from Fairfield to Haverford:

EXAMPLE 5 Use the Graph and Equation of a Circle to Solve Problems

Do You KNOW HOW?

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