IF Clause

prezentare
Tip zero

Se refera la actiuni prezente, perfect

realizabile.

Ex.:
 Daca plouă, imi iau umbrela.
 If it rains I take my umbrella.
Tip I

Se refera la actiuni viitoare, posibil realizabile.

Ex.:
 Daca va ploua, imi voi lua umbrela.
 If it rains I’ll take my umbrella.

Observatie: Chiar daca in romana folosim

viitor dupa “daca”, in engleza se foloseste
doar prezentul!
Tip II
Se refera la actiuni prezente, teoretic posibile. Se
traduce cu conditional-optativul prezent din romana.
Ex.:
 Daca ar ploua, mi-as lua umbrela.
 If it rained, I would take my umbrella.
! Atentie la urmatoarea exprimare:
 Daca as fi in locul tau, m-as duce acolo.
 If I were you I would go there.
Observatie: in cazul conditionalei tip II se foloseste
“were” la toate persoanele, inclusiv “he”,”she”,”it”!
Tip III
Se refera la actiuni trecute, imposibil de a se mai realiza. Se
traduce cu conditional-optativul perfect (trecut) din romana.
Ex.:
 Daca ar fi plouat, mi-as fi luat umbrela.
 If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.

 Atentie!!! Se mai poate traduce si cu imperfectul din romana,

insa exprima tot o conditie, nu o actiune in desfasurare:
 Daca ploua, imi luam umbrela.
 If it had rained I would have taken my umbrella.
 recapitulare
tip IF Propozitia principala

o Present Present

I Present Future (viitor)

Conditional prezent:
Past Simple S + would + V…
(could)
II (should)
(might)
Conditional perfect:
Past Perfect S + would + have + V(III)
(could)
II (should)
would sau could sau should sau might ?

 Could => cand vrem sa exprimam “a putea”

 Might => cand vrem sa exprimam “s-ar putea”
 Should => cand vrem sa exprimam “ar trebui”
 Would => in restul situatiilor
would sau could sau should sau might ?

 Ex.:

 Daca ai fi vrut, ai fi putut merge acolo. (tip III)

 If you had wanted, you could have gone there.
 Daca ai fi vrut, s-ar fi putut sa reusesti. (tip III)
 If you had wanted, you might have succeeded.
 Daca ai fi vrut cartea, ar fi trebuit sa-mi spui. (tip III)
 If you had wanted the book, you should have told me.
 Daca ai fi vrut, te-ai fi dus acolo. (tip III)
 If you had wanted, you would have gone there.
In cadrul frazei, propozitia principala se poate inversa cu
propozitia conditionala (adica cea introdusa prin “daca”)

 Atentie la ordinea de aplicare a coloanelor din tabelul anterior!

Ex:
Te duci daca doresti. (tip 0)
You go if you want. (present in princip.+present in “if”)
Te vei duce daca vei dori. (tip I)
You will go if you want. (future in princip.+present in “if”)
Te-ai duce daca ai dori (tip II).
You would go if you wanted. (condit.present in princip.+past in “if”)
Te-ai fi dus daca ai fi dorit. (tip III)
You would have gone if you had wanted. (condit.perfect in princip.
+past perfect in “if”)
Conditionale mixte
 Daca m-ai fi ascultat, nu ai fi acum aici. – mixta III cu
II
 If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be here now.

Observatie:
 propozitia conditionala se refera la trecut (daca m-ai
fi ascultat).
 propozitia principala se refera la prezent (nu ai fi
acum aici).
“unless” in loc de “if”
 “unless” inlocuieste doua negatii printr-o negatie si o afirmatie.
* Ex. de informatie care poate fi exprimata prin “if” sau prin
“unless”, cu schimbare din negativ in afirmativ:
 Nu mi-as lua palaria daca tie nu ti-ar placea (tip II).
 I wouldn’t take the hat if you didn’t like it.
Sau
 I wouldn’t take the hat unless you liked it.

Obs.: fraza cu “unless” mai poate fi tradusa “nu as lua palaria fara
ca tie sa-ti placa” – in acest caz se vede clar la care verb avem
afirmatia si la care negatia.
Conditionala cu “but for” in loc de “daca
n-ar fi”/”daca n-ar fi fost”

 Daca n-ar fi scoala, am pleca in vacanta.(tip II)

 If it weren’t for school, we would leave on holiday.
Sau:
 But for school, we would leave on holiday.

 Daca n-ar fi fost scoala, am fi plecat in vacanta.(tip

III)
 If it hadn’t been for school we would have gone on
holiday.
Sau:
 But for school, we would have gone on holiday.
Inversiuni
 Daca el ar fi fost acolo, mi-ar fi adus ceva.(tip III)
 If he had been there he would have brought me something.
Sau
 Had he been there, he would have brought me something. (mai
ales in limbaj formal)
Obs.: la conditionala tip III “had” trece in locul lui “if”, care dispare.

# Acelasi lucru se poate aplica si in cazul conditionalei de tip II, dar

doar cand avem “were”dupa “daca”.
 Daca as fi in locul tau, as invata mai mult.(tip II)
 If I were you I would learn more.
Sau
 Were I you, I would learn more. (mai ales in limbaj formal)