DIFFERENT

GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
EARTHQUAKES
any sudden shaking of the
ground caused by the passage
of seismic waves through
Earth’s rocks.
VOLCANOES
is an opening in a planet or
moon's crust through
which molten rock, hot
gases, and other materials
erupt.
CAUSES OF
GEOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
Movement along the faults
causes earthquakes.

Geologic hazards
earthquakes, the
landslides they induce,
and the seismic sea waves
called tsunamis most
commonly originate from
earthquake shocks there
as well.
SIGNS OF
IMPENDING
GEOLOGICAL

HAZARDS
Rapid increase in creek
water levels, possibly
accompanied by increased
soil content.
TENSION CRACKS
These are caused by the
stress and friction produced
by geologic materials moving
apart which forms steep lines
of cracks in the terrain.
GEOLOGICAL
MAPS
Geologic maps is crucial
to assessing natural
hazards and
environmental or
socio-economic risk.
Geologic maps represent
the distribution of
different types of rock and
surficial deposits, as well
as locations of geologic
structures.
MITIGATION
STRATEGIES
Awareness, education,
preparedness, and
prediction and warning
systems can reduce the
disruptive impacts of a
natural disaster on
communities.
ELEMENTS
EXPOSED TO
HAZARDS
all objects, persons,
animals, activities and
processes that may be
adversely affected by
hazardous phenomena
population, building stock,
essential facilities and
critical infrastructure
VULNERABILITY
Is the state of susceptibility to
harm from exposure to
stresses associated with
environmental and social
change and from the absence
of capacity to adapt.
WHY CERTAIN
SECTORS OF
SOCIETY ARE
MORE
VULNERABLE
TO DISASTERS
examples are those families
living in the mountain, they
are vulnerable to landslide
when there is earth-quick or
heavy rains.
example a set of family living
near rivers or coastal areas
now during rainy seasons or if
there is a coming typhoon,
they are endangered or
directly affected with the
flood or big waves.
ELEMENTS
THAT ARE
EXPOSED TO A
PARTICULAR
HAZARD
 ▸ biological hazard
▸ chemical hazard
▸ physical hazard
▸ ergonomic hazard
▸ psychosocial hazard

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VULNERABILITIES
OF DIFFERENT
ELEMENTS
EXPOSED TO
SPECIFIC HAZARDS
 PHYSICAL
VULNERABILITY
▸ Includes population density
levels, place of a settlement
and matierials used for
infrastructure and housing

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 SOCIAL
VULNERABILITY
▸ Refers to the potential
negative effects on
communities caused by
external stresses on human
health.
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DIFFERENTIATE
AMONG HAZARDS,
EXPOSURE, AND
VULNERABILITIES
AND GIVE
EXAMPLES FROM
ACTUAL
SITUATIONS
 HAZARDS
▸ a potentially destructive
physical phenomenon (e.g.,
an earthquake, a
windstorm, a flood).

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 EXPOSURE
▸ the location, attributes, and
value of assets that are
important to communities
(people, buildings,
factories, farmland, etc.)
and that could be affected
by a hazard.
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 VULNERABILITY
▸ the likelihood that assets
will be
damaged/destroyed/affecte
d when exposed to a
hazard.
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