Specific Hazard

and
Mitigation

REPORT ON BIHAR
FLOODS IN 2021

Picture to
be pasted
here
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my special
thanks of gratitude to my teacher
(Name of the teacher) as well as
our principal (Name of the
principal)who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic “Specific
Hazard and Mitigation”, which
also helped me in doing a lot of
Research and I came to know
about so many new things I am
really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to

thank my parents and my elder
brother and sister who helped me
a lot in finalizing this project
within the limited time frame.
 CONTENTS
1. Areas Affected By
The Floods. (Page 3)
2. Extent of Damage,
Relief and Rescue.
(Page 4 & 5)
3. Survival Skills,
Prevention And
Mitigation
Measures (Page 6 & 7)
4. Bibliography
 Areas Affected
By The Floods

Map to be pasted here

• Areas to be marked on map :-

• Sitamarhi, Sheohar, Muzaffarpur, Samastipur and

Khagaria

West Champaran , BHAGALPUR

Gopalganj and Saran , Patna

•
Madhubani district, Vaishali

East Champaran

• Supaul
 Extent of
Damage,
Relief and
Rescue
• Floods in Bihar this year have not one, but two
anthropogenic causes. The state saw early floods
in June, which have been attributed to climate
change. It then saw floods in August,  which are
being ascribed to the Farakka Barrage on the
Ganga in West Bengal, Bihar’s eastern neighbour.
• Floods in Bihar are an annual phenomenon. But
what makes the 2021 floods unprecedented in
nature are their scale and longevity. This year, the
deluge started way early, in June.
• Normally, floods in the state occur in July, at the
height of the southwest monsoon. But this time,
Bihar, along with a few other states along the
Gangetic-Brahmaputra basin, started reporting
floods as early as June.
• The state reported unusually high rainfall that
month — an excess of 111 per cent — resulting
in seven districts declaring a flood-like situation.
• Bihar saw a second round of floods in August. On
August 17, dozens of villages near Naugachia, a
small town in Bhagalpur district, got completely
submerged when the Ganga burst its banks.
• On August 16, Bhagalpur recorded its highest flood
level (HFL), 34.75 metres, as against 34.72 metres
set in 2016..

•Relief and Rescue

• Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced a Rs 500
crore (78 million USD) central assistance for flood
hit areas of Bihar and ex gratia of Rs 2 lakh to the
next of kin of each of the deceased from the PM
Relief Fund, after he conducted an aerial survey of
the four districts of Purnia division, including Araria
district.[29] The Centre would finally sanction more
funds for flood relief measures based on the report
submitted by the central team.
• Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Jharkhand donated
Rs 5 crore each to Bihar flood relief fund.
• Bihar cabinet sanctioned Rs 1,935 crore under Bihar
Contingency Fund for relief and restoration work in
the flood-hit districts in the state:[33]
• payment of relief amount to the flood-affected
families and differently-abled persons- Rs 900 crore
• supply of food material - Rs 947 crore
• ex- gratia payment to the next of kin of the
deceased - Rs 8 crore
• rehabilitation - Rs 50 crore
• repair of houses damaged in the floods - Rs 10
crore
• agriculture input loans - Rs 20 crore
 Survival Skills, Prevention
and Mitigation Measures
• Tune to your local radio for warnings and
advice.
• Move to higher ground..
• Disconnect all electrical appliances.
• Turn off electricity and gas before you leave
the house.
• Tie your valuable items or articles and keep
them in a safe and high place or bury it 
underground.
• Collect your survival kit or basic essentials
before leaving your house.
• Take care when walking through shallow
waters.
• Infrastructure, including dams, levees, bridges and
culverts
• When considering structural solutions, it is important
to understand the effectiveness of individual measures
in terms of flood mitigation impact. For example, some
works may reduce flooding to a large area by
centimetres which provides minimal benefit to a large
number of homeowners that are least affected by
flooding and almost no benefit to those homeowners
that are worst affected.
• Improved traffic access
• Improving the flood resilience of roads provides a
benefit to flood-affected residents by allowing
residents to escape floods and allowing emergency
service access. Key routes to essential services such as
hospitals and emergency shelters should have at least
a Q100 flood immunity.
• Land use planning controls
• Strategic land use planning will identify the
extent of flood impacted land to limit the
construction of urban and rural residential,
commercial and industrial land. The NT
Planning Scheme requires all new
developments to undertake land suitability
investigations to determine the extent of
constrained land.
• Building and development controls
• Existing building controls require new homes
or substantial renovations to construct
habitable floor levels 300mm above Q100
year flood levels, to provide some level of
protection from flooding.
• Catchment flood modelling
• Maintaining up-to-date flood models of
developing catchments assists the
Development Consent Authority to
understand the impact of new development
on existing residents in the catchment. New
land developments are required to manage
the rate at which stormwater leaves the
development to maintain the pre-
development rate of flow.
• Early warning systems
• As many floods occur at night, early warning
systems are extremely important in flash
flooding events to provide residents with the
ability to respond to impending flood waters.
This may include relocating of parked vehicles,
collecting pets and valuables and
implementing personal emergency plans.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

•Google
•Websites:-
•Wikipedia
•Times Of India
•FloodList.com
•MapsOfIndia.com
•DownToEarth.com
•Newspapers:-
•Times Of India
•The Hindu