HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

Art Andrei R. Dumalagan

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

• The Philippines had been split into various principalities known as “barangays
in the years before the 11th century, a name originating from Malayan ships
called “balangays. Datus, rajahs or sultans governed these tiny political units
(Halili, 2004). In 1565, when Spanish explorer Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
arrived from Mexico and established the first European colonies Cebu,
European colonization started in earnest.

• Starting with only five ships and five hundred men by Augustinian monks and
further strengthened by two hundred soldiers in 1567, he was able to repel
competing Portuguese colonizers and lay the foundations for the Spanish
colonization of the archipelago.
 The Beginning of Filipino Nationalism

• Originally, the word “Filipino” referred to the Philippines

“Spanish criollos.” The Spanish leaders described the
natives as Indians during their 333-year rule over the
Philippines (Royeca, 2012). The Spaniards born in the
Philippines, more known as insulars. Criollos, or creoles,
were also called “Filipinos during the colonial era as well.
Spanish-born Spaniards or Philippine-based continental
Spaniards were referred to as Peninsulars.
 OTHER CONCEPTS OF FILIPINO
NATIONALISM
• Nationalism is the secular identification and engagement of our people
with the Filipino nation and I domestic community, the Philippines as our
country. And homeland. It goes beyond our family, clan, tribe, village,
city, province, local culture and religion.
• It is a tool of change and reform: it aims our moral and spiritual regeneration,
our liberation from ignorance, bigotry (intolerance towards those who hold
distinct views of themselves), parochialism (narrow mindedness), feudalism
(a system in whichobies ranking individuals gave land and protection and
worked and fought for them in exchanged; olonial (the internalized attitude of
people’s racial or cultural inferiority as a consequence of colonization), briber
and distorted elitism (an elite's advocacy or presence as a dominant
component in a scheme or community In other words, as Filipinos, it has a
powerful national identity send and a high-minded intent.
FILIPINO NATIONAL IDENTITY BASED IN PART ON
OUR INDIGENOUS VALUES
Honey Espra
A. Pagsasarili (self-reliance)
B. B. Pakikisama (equitable sharing
C. Pagkabayani (patriotism) and partnership
D. Pagkakaisa (national unity, national consensin and discipline)
E. Pakikitungo (consideration)
F. Pakikipagkapwa- Tao (human solidarity base first of all on developing our
nation)
G. Pagkakapantay - Pantay (equality and equity).
DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHOW FILIPINO SENSE OF NATIONALISM
To show our sense of Filipino nationalism. everyone must: WORK ACT
PARTICIPATE RESPECT-STAND PROUD - LOVE.

Let us work on our own. Act today, and participate in the government.
Respect everyone including others raise. Stand proud for who you are. Love
everyone as how you expect they would love you back.
1.Respect the Philippine Flag and Value Filipino Identity
2.Be Productive
3. Be Aware of the Issues in Our Country
4. Stand Proud For Every Achievement
5.Patronize And Support Our Own Product
6. Preserve the Filipino culture
7. Respect Everyone And Value Our Traditions
8. Speak Out Our Own Language
9. Remember and commemorate our heroes’ sacrifices for our country
10. Love Our Family, Our Neighbors, and Countrymen
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS THAT PROMOTES A SENSE OF NATIONALISM

Symbols are very important to people in quite a lot of countries, especially these symbols are related to a sense of
nationalism. The officially recognized national symbols of the Philippines are:
1.The Philippine - Flag with red, white, and blue onlors and a yellow sun
representing the provinces of the country.
2 .Coat of Arms of the Philippines - also featuring the yellow sun with 8
rays depicting the original provinces in the Philippines.
3.Lupang Hinirang (Chosen Land) – The Philippine National anthem
4.Sampaguita (Jasminum Sambac) – The national flower of the Philippines;
symbolizing purity and simplicity, the flower is small, white, and pleasantly
fragrant.
5.Narra (Pterocarpus) -The national tree of thePhilippines; also known as
Rosewood, it is strong. Sturdy, and durable – a common rainforest tree.
6.Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi)- The Philippines national bird. It is
acknowledged toBe severely endangered. The Philippine EagleIs protected by law
in the country and there isExtreme punishment for any harm done to them.
7.Dr. Jose P. Rizal The National Hero of the Philippines.
8.Cariñosa or Tinikling – The Philippine national dance. Gracefulness is
symbolized by this dance.
9. Carabao (water buffalo)- The Philippine nationalAnimal. It symbolizes
industriousness and hardWork due to its use on many farms in the country.
10.Bangus (milk fish)- The Philippines’ national fish. It symbolizes versatility,
because of the manyWays in which it can be cooked.
11.Mango- The national fruit. Philippine mangoes are considered the sweetest fruit in the world.
12.Barong – The Philippine national costume or clothing style for men (untucked shirt of thin
fabric displaying Chinese. Indo-Malayan tropical and Hindu influences) for Women: Baro’t Saya
(skirt and blouse with no collar)
13.“Bayan Ko” and “Pilipinas Kong Mahal” - are the Philippine national songs.
14.Arnis – The Philippine national sport (stick fighting).
15.Anahaw (Livistona rotundifolia) -The Philippine national plant. This plant is often used as
hat, umbrella, or fan symbolizing the Filipino’s resourcefulness.
16.Nipa Hut - The Philippine national house, typically a small bamboo house with a thatched roof.
IMPORTANT DATES, EVENTS AND PEOPLE IN THE
RISE OF NATIONALISM

MARIAN ANGEL M. GONOY

he opening of the Philippines to the world Commerce
In 1834, Manila was officially part of the world commerce after reviewing different
economic policies 1834,1873. This is the period of the development of agriculture in the
country because foreigners shared their agricultural ideas.

How some Filipinos become illustrados?

The middle class or the ” illustrados “ were the educated Filipinos who, by writings
essays, articles, novels or publication in news journal called “ La Solaridad”
campaigned for reform in the colony in a peaceful way.
Influx of liberal Ideas
Suez Canal’s opening shortened the distance between the Philippines and
Spain. This paved the way for liberalism to enter the nation. Europe
brought liberal concepts such as equality, freedom and brotherhood and
the established of the Spanish Republic.
Secularization movement

The transfer of parishes to the Filipino priest from the Spanish friars was one of
the effects of Europe’s spreading of liberal ideas.

1. Regular Priest of friar Curates

They belong to specific religious orders like Dominicans, Jesuits,
Augustinians, Franciscans, and Recollects. Only Spanish priests could be
regular priests.
2. Recollectsarish Priests

These priests we not religious orders and were under the archbishop oversight.

1565
Religious orders took control of the parishes the Philippines these are the
Augustinian, Recollects Dominican, and Franciscan.

Council of Trent
It was stated that Secular priests should contra the parishes relates to deacons and
priests who are n monastics or members of a religious institute. But fes secular priests
are accessible because some of them have been sent to America.
 Father Pedro Pelaez (1862)
Exposes the discrimination of Filipino clergys and the racial and national
confe with the Friars.

19th Century - Majority of the Filipino Priest were Qualified as Secular Priests.

. General Carlos Maria de la Torre y Nava Cerrada

He was the one who boost and inspired the Secularization movement
and leads a Liberal Regime in Spain
Rafael De Laquierdo (1870-73)
A Governor-General of the Spanish Republic who Is an
autocratic and oppressive ruler, replaced Gov. Dela Torre. He
boasted that he ruled with a crucifix in one hand and a sword
in the other. He decide to restor old order and repealed the
exemption of the Filipino’s from Polo y Servicio (force labor of
Filipino men in 1580) and tribute (tax) that the Cavite workers
had been enjoying.
January 20, 1872
Two hundred Filipino troops and led by Sgt. Fernando La Madrid, who took control
of the Spanish arsenal in Cavite, mutinied against Spaniards. Gov. Izquierdo sent
troops forthwith to quench the rebellion
 Francisco Zaldua - A Bicolano soldier who testified against the GOMBURZA

February 17, 1872 -The day of execution of the 3 priests at Luneta (Bagumbayan)

GOMBURZA – Refers to the three martyrs

Father Mariano Gomez
A Chinese-Filipino, born in Cavite who held the most
senior position of the three as Archbishop’s Vicar in
Cavite. He was truly nationalistic and accepted the death
penalty calmly as though it were his penance for being
pro-Filipinos.

Father Jose Burgos

 Was of Spanish descent, born in the Philippines. He
was a parish priest of the Manila Cathedral and had
been known to be close to the liberal General de la
Torre.
 Father Jacinto Zamora

was also Spanish, born in the Philippines. He was the parish priest of Marikina and was
known to be unfriendly to and would not countenance any arrogance or authoritative
behavior from Spaniards coming from Spain. He once snubbed a Spanish governor who
came to visit Marikina.