Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Figure 1 : Diode
2.0 Schematic and physical structure
Anode
Cathode
If : Forward Current
Vf : Forward Voltage
Ir : Reverse Current
Vf : Reverse Voltage
• Rectifier was circuit network that can convert a.c voltage to d.c voltage
(changing from 2 poles to 1 poles only).
RECTIFIER
Conversion of alternating current (or voltage) into direct current (or voltage)
is called rectification.
A diode is well-suited for this job because it only conducts when forward-
biased.
Types Of Rectifiers :
a). Half-wave rectifier
b). Center-Tapped Full-wave rectifier
c). Bridge rectifier
Half-wave Rectifier
Schematic diagram :
Half-wave Rectifier
Circuit Operation :
Schematic Diagram :
M
Full-wave Rectifier
Circuit Operation :
When input a.c supply is switched on, the ends M and N of the
transformer secondary become positive and negative alternately.
Current keeps on flowing through RL in the same direction in both half-cycles of the a.c
input. It means the output voltage waveforms of the both half-cycle have a same shape.
VMG
VNG
Bridge Rectifier
Bridge rectifier requires four diodes, but the transformer use did not center-
tapped and has a maximum voltage across its secondary.
Schematic Circuit :
Bridge Rectifier
Circuit Operation :
When Terminal M of the secondary is positive and N is negative :
Diode D1 dan D2 become forward biased, when diode D3 dan D4
become reverse biased.
Current flows along M, E, D1,A, RL, B, C,D2, F and N. Produce a
positive half-wave waveform across RL.
Vp sec
Vpp sec
Vpsec – 0.7V
2
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Solution :
i. Output voltage, Vo
A half wave rectifier build in 60 Known that, Vo = Vp sec – 0.7V
Vrms in the secondary of the
transformer. Calculate:- From formula, Vp sec = √2 x Vrms
= √2 x 60
= 84.85 V
i. The output voltage.
ii.Average voltage of the circuit Therefore, Vo = Vp sec – 0.7V
= 84.85 – 0.7
= 84.16V
Vpsec
220Vpp G
Vpsec 2k
EXAMPLES
(110)
70 v
70 v
35mA
EXAMPLES
Example 3:
A full wave bridge rectifier with a 120 Vrms sinusodial input at secondary
side had a load resistor of 1KΩ. If silicone diodes are employed,
determine:-
i.Average voltage available at the load.
ii. Average current
120Vrms
1:2
EXAMPLES
5.3 Application Of Rectifiers in AC meters.