Dana I.

Cardona Cid

Foundations of European
Exploration and Colonization
 Motives and Means                -
A) Europeans began exploring the continents
of Africa, Asia, and North America in the
1400s, leading to European settlement,
trade, and conquest of overseas territories.
 B) Portugal and Spain were the first nations
to establish far-flung maritime empires,
followed by France, England, and the
Netherlands. This led to world trade
expanding and a new, more interconnected
world.
- Motivations
A) European explorers of the late thirteenth
century sought to gain access to Asia by sea,
increase trade, and find precious metals and
spices. 
B)The phrase "gold, glory, and God" was
used to describe the key motives for
European expansion, as well as religious zeal
and the belief of Hernán Cortés that
Indigenous people should be instructed in
the Catholic Faith.
 Technological Innovations        -
A) New sailing technology and ship design
enabled Europeans to make long-distance
-      A Race for Riches
voyages. The Portuguese developed the
A) European explorers sailed in new
caravel, which was faster than previous
directions during the fifteenth century,
models and lowered the cost of transporting
with Portuguese and Spanish ships
goods. 
leading the way.
B) For European explorers to cross the
oceans, they needed new tools such as the
astrolabe, magnetic compass, and accurate
maps, as well as the winds, ocean currents,
and climate of the Atlantic Ocean.
 Portuguese Exploration           -
A) Portuguese exploration began in 1415
when Prince Henry conquered Ceuta, leading
to the search for gold and the purchase of
enslaved people.  Ferdinand Magellan were two important
B) Portuguese fleets returned to Southeast
Asia to take control of the spice trade and
spread Christianity, establishing a trading
port at Goa and conquering Melaka.
- Spanish Exploration
A) Christopher Columbus and
explorers funded by Spain to find a sea route
to Asia. Columbus and his crew reached land
in 1492, but still had not found a route to the
Asian mainland. 
B) Magellan was the first person to
circumnavigate the globe, and his successor
Juan Sebastián Elcano completed the feat.
 Treaty of Tordesilla                   -
A) Spain and Portugal agreed to move the
line of demarcation farther west, giving
Portugal control of the easternmost part of
the South American continent and allowing
Pedro Alvares Cabral to claim Brazil.
- French and English
A) New France developed economically due
to fishing and the fur trade, which paid for
exploration, evangelization, and settlement
efforts. 
B) The English sought colonies to provide
raw materials and jobs, as well as religious
freedom for those who no longer wanted to
follow the Church of England.
 The Netherlands                       -
A) New Netherland is an island in North
America founded in 1624 by English sea
captain Henry Hudson and named after him.
It was originally explored by Giovanni da
Verrazano in 1524, but Hudson and his crew
determined that the river did not lead to the
Pacific.  Spanish colony there.
B) In 1621, the Dutch government chartered
the West India Company to colonize the land
between New France and English Virginia and
compete in the fur trade.
- European Rivals in the East
A) Spanish contact with Southeast Asia
began in 1521 when Magellan's expedition
reached the Philippines and Miguel López de
Legazpi established the first permanent
 
B) Manila became an important link in
Spain's global trade network, carrying goods
from Manila to Acapulco and Veracruz. The
Dutch were also active in Asia, forming the
East India Company and dominating the
spice trade.