CHAPTER 2:

The Problem

Presented By:

Talibong, Cielo Ann C.

Lorca, Elma Joy O.
Learning Objectives:
 To understand the essential characteristics of scientific problems.

 To distinguish between solvable and unsolvable problems.

 To precisely formulate a researchable problem yourself.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

What is a Problem? Defining a Solvable

01 03 Problem

Ways in Which a Kinds of Possibilities

02 Problem is 04
Manifested
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Classes of Testability Unsolvable Problem

05 07

Applying the Additional

06 Criterion of 08 Considerations of
Testability Problems
What is a
Problem?
... a scientific inquiry that starts when we
already collected some knowledge and that
knowledge indicates that there is something
we don’t know.
Ways in Which a Problem Manifested

01 02 03

A Gap in Our Contradictory Explaining a Fact

Knowledge Results
Defining a Solvable
Problem
 Hypothesis

... the main idea of an experiment or study

consisting of a statement that predicts the
relationship between at least two variables.
 Not all questions can be answered by science..

The proposed The proposed Expressed in the

solution is testable. solution is relevant form of
to the problem. propositions.
Degree of Probability

... a hypothesis is testable if, and

onlyif, it is possible to determine a
degree of probability.
KINDS OF POSSIBILITIES

Presently Potentially Attainable

Attainable
...the possibility is ...those possibilities that
within our power at the may come within the
present time. powers of people at
some future.
CLASSES OF TESTABILITY

Presently Potentially
Testable Testable
...we can test the ...we cannot test the
hypothesis with hypothesis now nor can
contemporary human we be sure that it can
capabilities. ever be tested.
CRITERION OF TESTABILITY
Do all the variables contained in the hypothesis
actually refer to observable events?

Is the hypothesis formulated in such a way that

it is possible to relate it to empirically
observable events and render a decision on its
degree of probability?
 UNSOLVABLE PROBLEMS

The unstructured Inadequately defined

problem. terms.
Operational Definition

...to clarify the phenomenon under

investigation and to allow us to
communicate with each other in an
unambiguous manner.
 UNSOLVABLE PROBLEMS

Impossibility of Vicious circularity.

collecting relevant
data.
 ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATION
OF PROBLEM
1 2 3

Psychological
A problem should Avoid the impasse reactions to
have value. problem. problems.
Thank you for
listening!
 TEST I.
IDENTIFICATION
 TEST II. ESSAY

 One of the characteristic of a problem is that it should

have value. If you are having a research now, what
problem would you address in your study and in what
way does the result of your study may impact the
society?