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‫‪MHS‬‬
 AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM

Dr. Mahmoud Hanafy Saleh

MHS
 Module Code

ELC361
Title

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

Level

MHS
 INSTRUCTOR

•Dr. Mahmoud Hanafy Saleh

•drmhsaleh@yahoo.com
•drmhsaleh1952@gmail.com
•01223627670

TEACHING ASSISTANT

•Eng. Nouran

MHS
 Reference Text

1 MODERN CONTROL SYSTEMS “ RICHARD C. DORF 2008

2 “AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS “ BENJAMIN C. KUO, 2006

3 “ MODERN CONTROL ENGINEERING” OGATA K. 2004

3 "LECTURES TEXT NOTES AND POWER POINT PRESENTATION" , DR.

MAHMOUD HANAFY

MHS
 AIMS

•This course is designed to enable students to analyze :

• Concepts in the different control design
• State space representation
• Dynamic Systems
•Electromechanical Systems
•The performance of control systems
•Open loop system
•Closed lop system
•Transient response analysis
•Steady state error analysis

MHS
 AIMS

•This course is designed to enable students to analyze :

•Basic control actions
•P-controller
•I – controller
• D-controller
• Series Compensation
• Lead Compensation
•Lag Compensation
•Lead-Lag Compensation
• Frequency response
•Root locus method

MHS
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

KNOWLEDGE

•Identify the fundamental concepts of feedback control

systems theory
•Illustrate the behavior of simple control systems
•Illustrate the stability of simple control systems
•Using
•Time domain method
•S – Domain method
•Frequency domain method

MHS
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING

The student after the completion of the course must be able to

:demonstrate knowledge and understanding of

•Interpretation of s-plane
•The contribution of individual poles and zeroes to stability
•The effect of loop gain on the performance of closed-loop system with
different control schemes
•Relationship between signals and their Laplace Transforms
•Transfer functions and the description of systems in terms of poles and
zeroes
•Basic time and frequency domain properties of feedback systems
•Application areas of automatic control
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

SKILLS

•Link the industrial real systems with the control theory

•Formulate the problem
•Drive the mathematical model
•Analyze the open loop performance
•Implement the controller
•Evaluate the performance
•Carry on the design

MHS
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

INTELLECTUAL SKILLS

The student after the completion of the course must be able to

•Derive transfer functions and state-space equations of system
description
•Determine the response of step and other inputs from theory
•Analyze closed-loop systems from block diagram description
•Analyze dynamical systems with respect to stability
•Design controllers from given specifications on robustness and
performance
•Plot Bode diagram and use it to discuss relative stability
•Design lead compensator to achieve specific phase margin

MHS
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

PRACTICAL AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS

•The student after the completion of the course must be able to

•Apply MATLAB in simulation, analysis, and design of dynamical
systems
•Determine the response of dynamic systems to a variety of input
signals
•Measure the characteristics of control system of first and second
order
•Understand the effects of loop gain factor on dynamic response of
a closed loop system
•Evaluate controllers by analyzing transient and frequency via
MATLAB.

MHS
 LEARNING OUTCOMES

GENERAL AND TRANSFERABLE SKILLS

•The student after the completion of the course must

•Understand relationships and limitations when simplified models
are used to describe complex dynamical systems
•Show ability for teamwork and collaboration at laboratory
exercises
•Show the ability to present and interpret projects
•Show the ability to use automation and information technology
•Acquire Personal and interpersonal skills, including work as a
team member
•Develop the ability for critical thinking, reasoning and reflection
•Improve the ability to manage time and resources within an
individual and group project

MHS
 SYLLABUS

•Introduction
•What is automatic control
•Practical Examples –
•Types of Control
•Modeling of Physical Systems (Electrical, Mechanical, DC Motor)
•Modeling Techniques: Converting Differential equations to
Transfer Functions, State Space, Block diagram and Signal Graph.
•Block diagram reduction – Mason Rule
•Steady State Errors - System Response to Different Standard
signals – First and Second Prototype Step Response
•Characteristic of Second Order System-
• Roots of Second Order in S-Plane

MHS
 SYLLABUS

•Stability
• Routh method
• Eigenvalue methods
• Stabilization using State Feedback Method
•Controller: P, PI, PD, PID.
•Root Locus Method
•Bode Diagram Method
•Compensation:
•Lag – Lead – Lag/lead.
•Design of controller and compensators in frequency domain.

MHS
 ASSESSMENT PATTERN

•Class Participation 10%

•Attendance 5%
•Participation & Portfolio 5%
•Assignments 10%
•Tests and Quizzes 10%
•Projects and Reports 10%
•Mid Term Exam 20%
•Final Exam 40%

Total 100%

MHS
 CONTROL SYSTEM

• A control system is an interconnection of components forming a

system configuration that will provide a desired response

Terminologies

• Controlled Variable : It is the quantity that is measured and controlled

•Manipulated Variable: It is the quantity that is varied by the controller
•Processes : It is any operation to be controlled
•Systems : It is a combination of components that perform a certain
objective
•Disturbances : It is a signal that tends to adversely affect the value of output

MHS
 Open – loop control system

• An open-loop control system utilizes a actuating device to

control the process directly without using feedback

Input System Output

Closed – loop control system

• A closed-loop control system uses a measurement of the output

and feedback of this signal to compare it with the desired
output “ Reference or Command”

Input System Output

MHS
Open – loop control system

G1(S) G2(S)

Closed – loop control system

G1(S) G2(S)
Design
Establish the control goals

Identify the variables to be controlled

Establishment
Write the specifications

Establish the system configuration

Modeling
Obtain the model , actuator , sensor

Describe the controller

Optimize the parameters Simulation

Analyze the performance

 Advantages of open-loop systems

• Simple construction
•Ease of maintenance
•Less expensive
•No stability problem
•Convenient when output is hard to measure

Disadvantages of open-loop systems

• Disturbance cause errors

•Change in calibration cause errors
•Recalibration from time to time

MHS
Element of a control system

Disturbance
Manipulated Variable
Reference input Actuating Signal Controlled Variable

Command Reference input Control Controlled Indirectly Controlled Indirectly

element Elements System System Controlled Variable

Feedback
Element
Feedback Signal
The Controlled variables
is that quantity or condition of the controlled system
which directly measured and controlled
The indirectly controlled variable
is that quantity or condition
which is controlled by virtue of its relation to the controlled variable
which is not directly measured for control
The Command
is the input
which is establish or varied by some means external to
and independent of the feedback control system under consideration
The ideal value
is the value of the ultimately controlled variable
that would result from an idealized system operating from
the same command
The reference input
is a signal established as a standard for comparison in feedback
control system by virtue of its relation to the command
The actuating Signal
is the reference input minus the feedback signal
The manipulated Variable
is that quantity or condition which the controlled applies to
the controlled system
The Disturbance
is a signal which tends to affect the value of the controlled variable
The System error
is the ideal value minus the value of the ultimately controlled variable
The Controlled System
is the body, process or machine a particular quantity
or condition of which is to be controlled
 AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEMS

Dr. Mahmoud Hanafy Saleh

MHS
MHS