SUBJECT

DOSAGE FORMS SCIENCE

Topic :
• Oral Solutions
• Spirit

Assigned by :
Ma’am Mehwish Hussain

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 Objective

 What is Oral Solution

 What is Spirit
 What are the Preparations of Spirit
 What are the Pharmaceutical uses of Spirit

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What is Oral Solution?

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 Oral Solution

Introduction
 An oral solution is a medicine in liquid form for drinking.
 In this solution the concentration is diluted.
 It is like the preparation of a pediatric form of an adult product. In which we prepare a
solution by reconstituting a dry powder mixture.

DRY POWDER ORAL SOLUTIION

Dilution of concentration of solution

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 Oral Solution

Usage
In each instance, the pharmacist should be sufficiently knowledgeable about the dispensed
product to expertly advise the patient of,

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 Oral Solution

General Info.
• Oral solution are administered to the GIT to
provide absorption and therapeutic agent.
• Oral Solutions formulated over a broad pH range Oral solution
due to the flexibility of GIT
• The usual pH of oral solution is about 7.0, unless
there are issues regarding the solubility or
stability
• Information regarding the solvents used in each
commercial product appears on the product label.
Product with labeled solvent
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 Oral Solution

Advantages
1. Drug available immediately for absorption i.e. Bioavailability if oral solutions
is greater than that of oral solid dosage forms.
2. Flexible dosing.
3. Designed for oral route of administration,
4. No need to shake container.
5. Facilitates swallowing in difficult cases.

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 Oral Solution

Disadvantages
1. Drug stability reduced in solutions.
2. Bulky packaging, difficult to transport and prone to container breakages.
3. Technical accuracy needed to measure dose on administration.
4. Measuring device is needed for administration.
5. Some drugs are poorly soluble.

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 Oral Solution

Stability
Both the chemical and physical stability of solution on the
container are important. A solution must retain it’s initial clarity, color, odour,
taste and viscosity over it’s allocated shelf life.

Major signs of instability are;-

1. Color change
2. Precipitation
3. Microbial growth
4. Chemical gas formation

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 Oral Solution

Examples

1. Examples of oral solutions include syrups, elixirs, linctus's and

aromatic waters.

2. Spirits represent another common class of monophasic liquid

oral dosage forms.

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What is Spirit?

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 Spirits

Introduction
 Spirits are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of
volatile substances.
Surgical Spirit
 Generally, the alcoholic concentration of spirits is over
60%.
 When mixed with water or with an aqueous preparation,
the volatile substances present in spirits separate from the
solution and form a milky preparation. Spirit-Water sol.
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Spirits

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 Spirits

Types
 Medicinal Spirits:
• Aromatic spirit of ammonia
(to prevent or treat fainting/ respiratory stimulant by inhalation)
 Flavoring Spirits
• Compound Orange Spirit
• Compound Cardamon Spirits

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Spirits

Preparation & Storage

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 Spirits

Preparations :
Depending on the materials, spirits may be prepared by,

• Simple solution

• Solution by maceration

• Distillation

• Chemical Reaction

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 Spirits

Spirit prepared by Simple Solution

Ingredients,
• Oil of orange : 200 ml
• Oil of lemon : 50 ml
• Oil of coriander : 20 ml
• Oil of anise : 5 ml
• Alcohol quantity sufficient to 1000 ml
Method:
According to simple solution method, mix oils with sufficient
alcohol to make the product measure 1000 ml.
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 Spirits

Storage :
Spirits should be virtually odourless and tasteless, care
must be taken in handling and storage.
Plain amber bottle
 Spirits for orally use should be packed in “Plain Amber
Medicine Bottle”
 Spirits for external use should be packed in “Fluted
Amber Medicine Bottle”
 Spirits are stored in “Tight, Light-resistant
containers” to prevent loss by evaporation and to limit
oxidation. Fluted amber bottle

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 Spirits

Labeling :
 Spirits intended for nasal use should be
clearly labeled “Not to be taken orally”

 Spirits intended for external use should be

clearly labeled “For External use only”

 Spirits intended for orally use should be

clearly labeled “To be use Orally”

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 Spirits

Recently official Spirits:

The spirits most recently official in the USP–NF are,

1. Carminative (aromatic spirit of ammonia)

2. Antacid (aromatic acid of ammonia)

3. Mild reflex circulatory stimulant (camphor spirit)

4. Flavoring agent (cinnamon spirit)

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 Spirits

What are Pharmaceutical

uses of Spirit?

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 Spirits

Pharmaceutical Uses
Spirits may be used pharmaceutically as flavoring agents and medicinally for the
therapeutic value of the aromatic solute.
 As flavoring agents, they are used to impart the flavor of their solute to other
pharmaceutical preparations.
 For medicinal purposes, spirits depending upon the particular preparation may be
1. taken orally
2. applied externally
3. used by inhalation
 When taken orally, they are generally mixed with a portion of water to reduce
the pungency of the spirit.

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What we Learned from this presentation,

 What are Oral Solution?

 What is Spirit?
 What are the Preparations of Spirit?
 What are the Pharmaceutical uses of Spirit?

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 Prepared By

 Muhammad Ali  Aliza Ahmad

 Qaswar Ali  Laiba Abbas

 Aoun Ali  Aliha Ch

 Sabiha Shafique

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