PE 101

BODY PLANES
AND TYPES OF
JOINTS
BY: Sothie Miegh V. Aguinaldo
Body Planes
 BODY PLANES
- Body planes are hypothetical geometric planes used to
divide the body into sections.

-They are commonly used in both human and zoological

anatomy to describe the location or direction of bodily
structures.
 3 types of Body
Planes
• Coronal Plane or Frontal Plane.

• Sagittal Plane or Lateral Plane.

• Axial Plane or Transverse Plane.

 Coronal Plane
 A vertical plane running from side to side;
divides the body or any of its parts into
anterior and posterior portions.
 Sagittal Plane
The sagittal plane is an anatomical boundary
that exists between the left and right sides of the
body. The sagittal planes runs parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the organism, or from the
mouth to the tail.
 Axial Plane
-The transverse plane or axial plane is an imaginary plane that
divides the body into superior and inferior parts. It is
perpendicular to the coronal plane and sagittal plane. It is one of
the planes of the body used to describe the location of body
parts in relation to each other
 Conclusion about 3 Body Planes
- Understanding body planes also plays an
important role in surgical planning. A
procedure that realigns a bone or joint in a
particular plane or planes is best indicated
when the deforming force and resultant
compensation are in that same plane or
planes.
JOINTS
 JOINTS
- A joint is the part of the body where two or
more bones meet to allow movement
-Normal joint function is defined as a joint's
ability to move throughout its range of motion
and bear weight.
 3 main types of joints
• Synarthrosis (immovable)

• Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)

• Diarthrosis (freely moveable). 

 Synarthrosis (immovable)
- The singular form is synarthrosis. In
these joints, the bones come in very
close contact and are separated only
by a thin layer of fibrous connective
tissue. The sutures in the skull are
examples of immovable joints.
 Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
 is a joint that has limited mobility. An

example of this type of joint is the

cartilaginous joint that unites the bodies of
adjacent vertebrae. Filling the gap between
the vertebrae is a thick pad of fibrocartilage
called an intervertebral disc
 Diarthrosis (freely moveable). 

A diarthrosis joint is a freely moving joint characterized

by its mobility and joint cavity within a synovial
membrane encased in the joint capsule. Diarthrodial
joints are also known as true joint or movable joint, or
synovial joint, that allows free movement of the joints.
 CONCLUSION
Joints allow our bodies to move in
many ways. Some joints open and
close like a hinge (such as knees and
elbows), whereas others allow for more
complicated movement — a shoulder
or hip joint, for example, allows for
backward, forward, sideways, and
rotating movement.
Thank you!