Limitation of Quantum Computing

• A Quantum Computer is a computer that

harnesses the power of atoms and molecules
to perform memory and processing tasks. It
has the potential to perform certain
calculations billions of times faster than any
silicon-based computer.

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1
Kimathi University
Limitation of Quantum Computing
• Decoherence –when the computing quantum
phase interact with environment or
measurement is done it collapse to its classical
state
• You need to utilize the quantum machine during
coherence state
• W need to make computer that has low errors or
use a error correcting code for preventing data
looses even when qubits in the computer
decohere
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2
Kimathi University
Limitation of Quantum Computing
• hardware for quantum computers. Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR) technology is the most popular
today,
• It was successful experimented in MIT and Los Alamos
National Laboratory
• They constructed a simple quantum computer using
NMR technology. Some other designs are based on ion
trap and quantum electrodynamics (QED).
• All of these methods have significant limitations.
Nobody knows what the architecture of future
quantum computers hardware will be
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3
Kimathi University
Limitation of Quantum Computing
• More complex in design technology needed to
build a quantum computer is currently beyond
our reach.
• This is due to the fact that the coherent state,
fundamental to a quantum computers
operation, is destroyed as soon as it is
measurably affected by its environment.
• Attempts at combating this problem have had
little success,
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4
Kimathi University
Limitation of Quantum Computing
• higher cost the first 2 qubits was built using $
1 million. Unless new way of manufacturing
them comes into practice it will be long when
we can have quantum as a desktop

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5
Kimathi University
 Entanglement
• is the ability for pairs of particles to interact
over any distance instantaneously
• the ability of quantum systems to exhibit
correlations between states within a
superposition
• Subatomic particles are connected, regardless
of distance.
• Particles don’t communicate
• There is a statistical correlation between
results of measurements on each particle
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6
Kimathi University
 Entanglement
• To become entangled, two particles are
allowed to interact;.
• Then they are separate
• Measuring say, the velocity of one of them
(regardless of the distance between them), we
can be sure of the value of velocity of the
other one (before it is measured).
• entangled particles have no local state
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7
Kimathi University
 Entanglement
• Example Consider:

this is:

• Measuring the first qubit gives us |00⟩ 50% of the time and |11⟩
50% of the
• time. So the second qubit is always the same as the first, i.e. we
get two qubit values for the price of one measurement.

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8
Kimathi University
Entanglement of Quantum Computing
• How to create entanglement state
a) spontaneous parametric down-conversion to
generate a pair of photons entangled in
polarisation
b)Fiber coupler to confine and mix photons
c) Use of quantum dots to trap electrons until decay
occurs.
d)Hong-Ou-Mandel effect .
e) atomic cascades.

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9
Kimathi University
Entanglement of Quantum Computing
• Application of entanglement
quantum information theory
superdense coding
quantum teleportation.
quantum cryptography

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10
Kimathi University