Bio-Redox, Kinetics

and
Reactor concepts

1
 Redox Reaction in Wastewater Degradation

Electron Organic Sustrate

Donor
- - - -
e e e e
Electron - 2-
O2 NO3 SO4 CO2
Acceptor

Key CO2 N2 S
2-
CH4
Product

Reaction Aerobic Denitri- Sulphate Methano-

Name respiration fication Reduction genesis
2
 Redox Reaction in Wastewater Degradation

Organic +
Electron
Sustrate
NH 4
Donor
-
e
-
e
Electron Organic O2
Acceptor Substrate

Smaller
Key Organic
-
NO3
Product Substrate

Reaction Fermentation Nitirfication

Name
3
 Redox Reaction in
Natural Biodegradation
Electron Electron Key Reaction Bacteria
Item Reaction Name
Donor Acceptor product involved
Organic Aerobic
1 O2 CO2 Heterotrophic
substrate Respiration
Organic Heterotrophic
2 NO3- N2 Denitrification
substrate (De-nitrifier)
Sulfate
Organic
3 SO42- S2- Sulfate reduction Reducing Bact.
substrate
(SRB)
Methane
4 Acetic, H2 CO2 CH4 Methanogenesis Producing Bact.
(MPB)
Smaller
Organic Organic
5 Organic Fermentation Acidogenesis Bact
substrate substrate
substrate
Ammonia 3-
Autotrophic
6 O2 NO Nitrification
(NH4+) (Nitrifier Bact)
4
5
 Redox Reaction in Wastewater Degradation

Aerobic Anaerobic
Electron Organic Sustrate
Donor
- - - -
e e e e
Electron - 2-
O2 NO3 SO4 CO2
Acceptor

Key CO2 N2 S
2-
CH4
Product Anoxic

Reaction Aerobic Denitri- Sulphate Methano-

Name respiration fication Reduction genesis
6
 Redox Reaction in Wastewater Degradation

Organic +
Electron
Sustrate
NH 4
Donor
-
e
-
e
Electron Organic O2
Acceptor Substrate Aerobic

Smaller
Key Organic
-
NO3
Product Substrate

Reaction Fermentation Nitirfication

Name
7 Anaerobic
 Bioreactor Kinetics
max
, Specific growth rate (time-1)

½max
Monod kinetics

max S
 =
Ks + S

Ks
Substrate concentration, S (mg/L)

8
half-velocity constant
 Kinetic Selection

9
 Bioreactor Kinetics : Main Concept

S  
  SRT
SRT c  1/Wasted Mass
S = Substrate or (BOD or COD in reactor) (ppm)

=Bacterial growth rate (1/days)

S  SRT SRT = Solid retention time (days)
S  Wasted Mass
SRT = MCRT = c= Sludge Age

MCRT = Mean Cell Resident Time

10
 Effect of c on Effluent S

11
 Effect of qcon
c Effluent S

So
X
Concentration

S
c

- Solids Retention Time Controls the Effluent S,

- By making c longer, better S can be achieved!
12
 Chemostat
K (1+ b c )
Mixing & Aeration S=
Y k c - (1 + b c )
Q Q, X

So X S S Y (So-S)
X=
V 1 + b c
V
Hydraulic Retention Time: =
Q

Total biomass in the system VX

Solids Retention Time: c = = =
biomass wastage rate QX
13
14
 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor with Sludge Recycle

Mixing
Q S, (Q- Qw), XE
S
So X S
V
QU XU
Qw
QU - Qw
V
Hydraulic Retention Time: =
Q

Total biomass in the system VX

Solids Retention Time: c = =
biomass wastage rate Qw XU

Neglecting XE, else add (Q-Qw). XE to the wasting rate!

15
16
 SBR : Sequencing Batch
Reactor

Fill React Settle Decant

React stage is just like a batch reactor

17
 Reactors’ Format
a) Batch
b) CMR; CFSTR; CFR
c) Plug flow (open)
d) Plug flow (closed)
e) CMRs in series
f) Packed bed (down flow)
g) Packed bed (up flow)
h) Fluidized packed bed

18
 Fundamental of Reactor Concepts

Suspended Growth Reactor

•Completely mixed

•Plug Flow
19
 CSTR example: aeration basin

20
 Plug Flow Reactor Examples:
Chlorine Contact & Aeration Basins

21
 Short circuit in Reactor

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