OTHER GEOLOGIC

HAZARD
GROUP 3
 WHAT ARE GEOLOGIC HAZARD?
GEOLOGIC HAZARD ARE “GEOLOGIC PROCESSES THAT MAY
CAUSE THE LOSS OF LIVES, INJURIES, DAMAGE TO PROPERTY,
SOCIAL AND LOGIC THAT CAUSE RESULT IN THE LOSS THAT
CAUSE RESULT IN THE LOSS OF LIVELIHOOD, OR ENVIRONMENTAL
DAMAGE,” ACCORDING TO THE UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (UNISDR)
 MAJOR TYPES GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
AND SUDDEN GEOLOGIC HAZARDS

• Earthquakes – Liquefaction (soils)

• Volcanic Eruptions - Lava Flows, Ash Fall, Lahars.
• Landslides - Rock Falls or Slides, Debris Flows, Mud Flows.
• Floods - Inundation, Erosion.
• Snow Avalanches.
• Sand Blasting (Windblown)
• DEFINITION OF A LANDSLIDE
Landslides are defined as the mass
movement of rock, debris or earth down
a slope and have come to include broad
range of motions whereby falling, sliding
and flowing under the influence of gravity
dislodges earth material. Landslide occur
when an earthquake, floods/prolonged
rainfall, or volcanic eruption occur.
TYPES OF LANDSLIDES
The various types of landslides can be differentiated by the kinds of material
involved and the mode of movement. A classification system based on these
parameters is shown in the table below. Other classification system incorporate
additional variables, such as the rate of movement and the water, air, or ice content
of the landslide material.
FALLS
Are abrupt movements of masses of geologic materials, such as rocks and
boulders, that become detached from steep slopes or cliffs., separation occurs
along discontinuities such as fractures, joints, and bedding planes, and
movement occurs by free-fall, bouncing, and rolling. Falls are strongly influenced
by gravity, mechanical weathering, and the presence of interstitial water.
TOPPLES
Toppling failures are distinguished by the forward rotation of a unit or units about some
pivotal point. Below or low in the unit. Under the actions of gravity and forces exerted by
adjacent units or by fluids in cracks.
SLIDES ROTATIONAL
Slides are the downslope movements of soil or rock along a surface and can be deep-seated or
shallow. The initiation of slides, like flows or rockfalls, is sensitive to steep slopes, the additional weight
of water or other loads, and friction along their base.
 SLIDES TRANSLATIONAL
A translational or planar landslide is a downslope movement of material that occurs along a distinctive
planar surface of weakness such as a fault, joint or bedding plane. Some of the largest and most damaging
landslides on Earth are translational. These landslides occur at all scales and are not self-stabilising.
SPREAD
A spread is the complex lateral movement of relatively coherent earth materials resting on a weaker
substrate that is subject to liquefaction or plastic flow. Coherent blocks of material subside into the
weaker substrate, and the slow downslope movement frequently extends long distances as a result of the
retrogressive extension from the zone of origin, such as an eroding riverbank or coastline. Spreads occur
as the result of liquefaction caused by water saturation or earthquake shock in such substrates as loess, a
weakly cemented wind-lain silt.
FLOWS
Flows. Flows are landslides that involve the movement of material down a slope in the form of a fluid.
Flows often leave behind a distinctive, upside-down funnel shaped deposit where the landslide material has
stopped moving. There are different types of flows: mud, debris and rock (rock avalanches).
ROCKFLOW
Rockfalls are a newly detached mass of rock falling from a cliff or down a very steep slope.
Rockfalls are the fastest type of landslide and occur most frequently in mountains or other steep areas
during early spring when there is abundant moisture and repeated freezing and thawing.
 DEBRIS FLOW
Debris flows are fast-moving landslides that are particularly dangerous to life and property because they move
quickly, destroy objects in their paths, and often strike without warning. They occur in a wide variety of
environments throughout the world, including all 50 states and U.S. Territories.
EARTHFLOW
An earthflow is a downslope viscous flow of fine-grained materials that have been saturated with water and
moves under the pull of gravity. It is an intermediate type of mass wasting that is between downhill creep and
mudflow.
 CAUSES OF LANDSLIDE
Landslides are caused by disturbances in the natural stability of a slope. They
can accompany heavy rains or follow droughts, earthquakes, or volcanic
eruptions. Mudslides develop when water rapidly accumulates in the ground and
results in a surge of water-saturated rock, earth, and debris.
SHORELINE EROSION
Coastal erosion is the process by which local sea level rise, strong wave action, and coastal
flooding wear down or carry away rocks, soils, and/or sands along the coast.

STREAM EROSION
Streams are one of the most effective surface agents that erode rock and sediment. Erosional
landscapes such as the Grand Canyon have been formed by constant erosion from running water
over millions of years.

DIFFERENTIAL COMPACTION
 A phenomenon that occurs after the deposition of some sediments such that different
parts of the sedimentary accumulation develop different degrees of porosity or settle
unevenly during burial beneath successive layers of sediment
 PREPARING FOR LANDSLIDES
1. Build an emergency kit.
2. Make a plan for your household, including your pets, so that you and
your family know what to do and where to go in the event of a landslide.
3. Sign up for your community's warning system.
4. Leave if you have been told to evacuate or you feel it is unsafe to
remain in your home.
THANKYOU FOR
LISTENING