9th Grade

The elements
What is the periodic table?
● Is a chart that shows all the known
chemical elements arranged in order of
their atomic structure.

● It is a powerful tool for understanding

the behavior and properties of different
elements and their compounds.

● Each element in the periodic table is

represented by a unique symbol,
typically consisting of one or two letters.

● The elements are arranged in rows and

columns based on their atomic number
and chemical properties.
TWO COLUMNS
HYDROGEN
is the first element on the
periodic table. It is the
lightest chemical element
that exists, Under normal
conditions it is in a gaseous
state, and is tasteless,
colorless and odorless.
HELIUM
Helium is the chemical
element with atomic number
2, symbol He. It belongs to
group 18 of the periodic table
of elements, since having the
full energy level presents the
properties of a noble gas
TWO COLUMNS

LITHIUM
is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic
number 3. In the periodic table, it is found in group 1,
among the alkaline elements. In its pure form, it is a
soft, silvery-white metal that oxidizes rapidly in air or
water.

BERYLLIUM
is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic
number 4. It is a divalent, toxic, grey, hard, light and
brittle Alkaline Earth element. It is mainly used as a
hardener in alloys, especially copper.
 NON METAL
CARBON
Carbon is a chemical element
with symbol C, it is a
tetravalent nonmetal. Carbon
is one of the few elements
known since antiquity and is
the basic building block of
organic chemistry. It is present
on Earth as a simple body
(coal and diamonds),
inorganic compounds (CO2
and CaCO3) and organic
compounds (biomass, oil and
natural gas).
NITROGEN OXYGEN
is a chemical element with atomic
It is a chemical element with
number 8, represented by the
atomic number 7, which symbol O. Under normal
means that each Nitrogen conditions of pressure and
atom has 7 protons in its temperature, two atoms of the
element bond to form dioxygen, a
atomic nucleus. It is
colorless, odorless, and tasteless
represented by the symbol N
diatomic gas with the formula O2.
and is in group 15 and period
This substance constitutes an
2 of the periodic table, so it important part of the atmosphere
belongs to the group of non- and is necessary to support
metals.
terrestrial life.
FLUORINE
is the chemical element with
atomic number 9 located in the
halogen group (group 17) of the
periodic table of elements. Its
symbol is F, It is a gas at room
temperature, pale green in color,
formed by diatomic F2 molecules.
It is the most electronegative and
reactive of all the elements. In its
pure form it is highly dangerous,
causing severe chemical burns on
contact with the skin.
 ALKALINE EARTH METAL
MAGNESIUM
Magnesium is necessary for more than
300 biochemical reactions in the body.
Helps maintain normal muscle and
nerve function, supports a healthy
immune system, keeps the heartbeat
steady, and helps bones stay strong.
STRONTIUM
Strontium is a soft, bright silvery,
somewhat malleable, and alkaline earth
metal, used in the manufacture of
ceramics, glassware, paint pigments,
fluorescent lamps, and medicines.
CALCIUM
Calcium is a chemical element, with the
symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
Calcium is a soft, greyish metal, and it
is the fifth most abundant by mass in
the earth's crust.
BARIUM
is a chemical element with the symbol
 Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth
element in group 2 and is a soft, silvery 
alkaline earth metal. Because of its high
chemical reactivity, barium is never
found in nature as a free element
TRANSITION METALS

SCANDIUM TITANIUM VANADIUM

YTTRIUM ZIRCONIUM NIOBIUM

ACTINIDES ELEMENTS

PROTACTINI
Name ACTINIUM THORIUM UM URANIUM
Atomic number 89 90 91 92

Atomic mass 227.028 u 232.038 u 231.036 u 238.029 u

Ionization energy 5.17 eV 6.08 eV 5.89 eV 6.194 eV

ELEMENT INFORMATION

Atomic number 26 55.847

u Atomic weight

Symbol
Fe
Iron
7.874
g/cm³ Density
Name

1,811o 3,134o Boiling point

Melting point
ICON PACK: PERIODIC TABLE
Accordinng to the propiesties shared by most of the elements
in the group
THE STRUCTURE OF THE
ATOM
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
02
THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM: CARBON ATOM

ELECTRON
is a subatomic particle with
an elementary negative
electrical charge

PROTON 6
is a subatomic particle with protons
a positive elementary +
electric charge 1
6
neutrons

NEUTRON
is an electrically neutral
particle,
AWESOM
E WORDS
The horizontal rows
are called periods,
and the vertical
columns are called
groups
Periods

Elements in the same group have

similar chemical properties and
tend to behave in similar ways.
 Blocks

The periodic table is divided into

four main regions: the s-block, p-
block, d-block, and f-block. These
regions are named after the types
of orbitals that the outermost
electrons of the elements in each
block occupy.
S-BLOCK
The s-block includes the first two
groups of the periodic table,
which contain elements with
one or two valence electrons.
These elements tend to be
highly reactive and form
compounds with other
elements easily.

P-BLOCK

The p-block includes the last six groups of

the periodic table, which contain
elements with three to eight valence
electrons. These elements can be
either highly reactive or relatively
stable, depending on their electron
configuration
D-BLOCK

The d-block includes the middle 10 groups of the periodic table, which
contain elements with partially filled d orbitals. These elements
tend to be less reactive than those in the s- and p-blocks, but still

have many important applications in industry and technology .

F-BLOCK
includes the two rows at the bottom of the periodic table, which contain
the rare earth elements. These elements have very specific and
useful properties, such as the ability to emit light of various colors,
and are used in a wide variety of applications, including electronics,
medicine, and energy production
Valance electrons

a valence electron is an electron in the outer shell associated

with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a 
chemical bond if the outer shell is not closed
Valence electrons are those electrons that have the highest
energy,the number of VE in each atom helps determine the
chemical properties of that element.