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The periodic table serves as a structured representation, arranging elements based on their distinctive
chemical characteristics. In its contemporary form, it encompasses 18 groups and 7 periods. The
progression of arranging atoms by their atomic number was initiated by Dimitri Mendeleev. Here, we have
presented important insights relevant to the groups of the periodic table, which can be highly beneficial
for exam preparation. Keep reading the article below and gain an in-depth understanding of the corned
subject matter.
Group 16 (Chalcogens)
Here is the list of elements within this group:
1. Oxygen (O)
2. Sulfur (S)
3. Selenium (Se)
4. Tellurium (Te)
5. Radioactive Polonium (Po)
6. Synthetic Ununhexium (Uuh)
Group 17 (Halogens)
The halogens are the elements in Group 17 (formerly Group VII or VIIa) of the periodic table. They are
fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), and astatine (At).
Electronegativity: The relative tendency of an atom to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself
is called electronegativity. In a period from left to right, the value of electronegativity increases while in a
group from top to bottom, the value of electronegativity decreases.
Ionization Energy: The ionization energy (IE) is the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely
bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation.
In a period table from left to right, the value of ionization energy increases while in a group from top to
bottom, the value of ionization energy decreases.
Electron Affinity: The electron affinity of an atom or molecule is defined as the amount of energy released
or spent when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative
ion. In a period from left to right, the value of electron affinity increases while in a group from top to bottom,
the value of electron affinity decreases.