The Periodic Table

It is the most
abundant
element in the
universe.

Hydrogen
It is the most receptive
and electronegative of
all the chemical
elements. It doesn’t
respond with oxygen,
helium, neon, and
argon.

Fluorine
This element is so
light that it can
escape Earth's
gravity!

Helium
It is the heaviest metal, which
has, bulk for bulk, nearly
twice the weight of lead. The
specific gravity of gold is
about 19 1/4, while this
element is almost 22 1/2. It is
also the most infusible of
metals, remaining unaffected
by a degree of heat capable of
causing platinum to run like
water.

Osmium
 Although abundant
on Earth, it is never
naturally found in its
pure form; it forms
compounds with
other elements.

Sodium
 It is mainly found in
stars and is the 5th
most common element
in the universe but
comprises only
0.0018% of the Earth's
atmosphere.
Neon
It is the lightest
of all the metals
and can easily
float on water.

Lithium
 It is the third most
abundant element in the
universe; however, its
reactivity made it
relatively rare in Earth's
early atmosphere.

Oxygen
History of
the
Periodic
Table
 Johann
Dobereiner
(1817)
A German chemist
who formed the triads
of elements with
similar properties like
the triad of Calcium,
Barium, and
Strontium.
 John Newlands
(1863)
An English chemist proposed
the Law of Octaves.
He based his classification of
elements on the fact that similar
properties could be noted for
every eight elements when they
were arranged in order of
increasing atomic masses.
Lothar Meyer and
Dmitri Mendeleev
(1896)

Meyer lived in
Germany and
Mendeleev in Russia.
Both arranged the
elements in order of
increasing atomic
mass while putting in
groups those with
properties.
Henry Moseley
(1914)
English physicists observed
that the order of the x-ray
frequencies emitted by
elements follows the ordering
of the elements by atomic
number.
His observation led to the
development of the Modern
Periodic Law.
 Modern
Periodic Law
Properties of the
elements vary
periodically
with atomic
number.
 Periodic
Properties
Let’s Map the Periodic Table
Periods/Series
•the
horizontal
rows of the
periodic
table
 Groups/Family
• vertical columns of the periodic table,
identify the principal families of elements.
• The periodic table is divided into 18
groups.
• The group number corresponds to the
number of electrons in their outermost
shell.
• These outermost electrons are called
valence electrons.
• The elements in a group of the periodic
table have similar chemical properties.
Elements from the taller columns which are Groups 1, 2, and 13 through
18 are called representative elements or main groups of the periodic
table.
 Groups 3-12: Transition
Metals

• hard (with Mercury as

an exception)
• malleable, ductile,
and good conductors
of electricity
• with one and/or two
valence electrons
The lanthanides and actinides series. They are a special series
of elements but are also part of the transition block. They are
also called the inner transition elements.
 Metals,
Nonmetals,
and
Metalloids
• Metals are located on the left side of the Periodic Table of Elements.
• Most of the elements are metals which are solids at room temperature
except Mercury.
• Elements that are found far right of the periodic table are called
nonmetals which may be solids, liquids, or gases.
• A stair-step line on the table separates the metals from nonmetals.
The elements along this line are called metalloids. Metalloids exhibit
the properties of metals and nonmetals.
• The seven elements commonly regarded as metalloids are silicon,
germanium, arsenic, antimony, tellurium, and polonium.
Elements within the modern periodic table are
organized most simply so that information about the
elements and their compounds are easily revealed. The
vertical columns of the periodic table are called
1._____________. It identifies the 2._____________ of
elements. The horizontal rows of the periodic table,
called 3._____________ are numbered from left to
right. There are 18 groups in the Periodic Table of
Elements. Group 1 is named as Alkali Metals, Groups 2
as 4._____________, and Group 16 as
5._____________.
Groups 3-12 are called as 6._____________. The
lanthanides and actinides are a special series of elements but
are also part of the transition block. They are also called
inner transition elements. Groups 1, 2, 13-18 are called as
representative elements. There are three classifications of
elements, namely: metals, 7._____________, and
metalloids. The majority of the elements on the left side of
the periodic table are 8._____________. The nonmetals are
confined to the right side of the table.
9._____________show both properties of metals and
nonmetals. The physical properties of metals include luster,
and 10._____________.