FEATURES OF GROUPS

or
FAMILIES OF ELEMENTS
PERIODS
horizontal rows of the periodic table

GROUPS/FAMILIES
vertical columns of the periodic table
Group/Family Periods
GROUPS/FAMILIES
The group number corresponds to the number of electrons in
their outermost shell. These outermost electrons are called
valence electrons. The elements in group of the periodic table
have similar chemical properties.

Elements from the taller columns which are the

Groups 1, 2, and 13 through 18
are called representative elements or main
groups of the periodic table.
 FEATURES OF GROUPS
or
FAMILIES OF ELEMENTS

Group 1: Group 2:
Alkaline Earth Group 13: Group 14:
Alkali Metals Metals Boron Group Carbon Group
Group 15: Group 16: Group 17: Group 18:
Nitrogen Chalcogens Halogens Noble Gases
Group
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
Group 1: Alkali Metals
• very reactive, soft, malleable, and ductile
• good conductors of heat and electricity
• with only one valence electron

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

• second most reactive elements
• malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat
and electricity but not as soft as Group 1
elements
• with two valence electrons
Group 13: Boron Group
• are post-transition metals, except for Boron
which is a metalloid and Nihonium which is a
synthetic chemical element that is extremely
radioactive
• with three valence electrons

Group 14: Carbon Group

• also known as the Carbon family, or the tetrels
• elements in this family are the key importance
for semiconductor technology
• with four valence electrons
Group 15: Nitrogen Group
• known as Pnictogen group
• with five valence electrons

Group 16: Chalcogens

• Chalcogen is the new trivial name
recognized by the International Union
of Pure and Applied Chemistry
• widely known as Oxygen group
• Generally nonmetals
• with six valence electrons
Group 17: Halogens
• salt former
• exist in all three states of matter
• with seven valence electrons

Group 18: Noble Gases

• stable gases
• non-reactive or inert elements
• with eight valence electrons except
Helium
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
• hard (with Mercury as an exception)
• malleable, ductile, and good conductors of electricity
• with one and/or two valence electrons
Lanthanides and Actinides Series
• They are special series of elements but are also
part of the transition block. They are also called
the inner transition elements.
Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids
• Metals are located on the left side of the Periodic Table
of Elements. Metals are solids at room temperature
except Mercury.
• Nonmetals are elements that are found far right of the
periodic table which may be solids, liquids or gases.
• Metalloids exhibit the properties of metals and
nonmetals. A stair-step line on the table separates the
metals from nonmetals. The seven elements commonly
regarded as metalloids are silicon, germanium, arsenic,
antimony, tellurium, and polonium.
Summary of Properties of Elements
 Activity 3: The Missing Element
Directions: Fill in the missing information below by using the Periodic
Table of Elements.
 Activity 4. Fill me Up!
Directions: Fill in the blanks with missing word/s.
Elements within the modern periodic table are organized in the simplest way so that
information about the elements and their compounds are easily revealed. The vertical
columns of the periodic table are called 1._____________. It identifies the
2._____________ of elements. The horizontal rows of the periodic table, called
3._____________ are numbered from top to bottom. There are 18 groups in the
Periodic Table of Elements. Group 1 is named as Alkali Metals, Groups 2 as
4._____________, and Group 16 as 5._____________. Groups 3-12 are called as
6._____________. The lanthanides and actinides are special series of elements but are
also part of the transition block. They are also called as inner transition elements.
Groups 1, 2, 13-18 are called as representative elements. There are three
classifications of elements, namely: metals, 7._____________, and metalloids. The
majority of the elements on the left side of the periodic table are 8._____________.
The nonmetals are confined to the right side of the table. 9._____________show both
properties of metals and nonmetals. The physical properties of metals include luster,
and 10._____________.
 Activity 5. Choose-It-Out
A. From the box below, choose the elements that are metalloids. Look for
applications of these elements in real life.
 Activity 5. Choose-It-Out
B. Choose the elements that are metals. Look for applications of these
elements in real life.
 Assignment:
½ crosswise
Look for applications of metal and
metalloid elements in real life.
 Activity 6. Check this out
Directions: Get your Periodic Table of Elements and answer the given
questions.
Questions:
1. In a period, the reactivity of metals decreases from left to right.
Arrange the given elements in decreasing order: Fe, K, Ca, and Cu
2. In a group, the reactivity of metals increases from top to bottom.
Arrange the given elements in increasing order: Na, K, Li, and Rb
3. Which element is found in period 6, group 14?
4. In which period and group is Aluminum (Al) is located?
5. In which period and group is Platinum (Pt) is located?
 Directions: Below is a passage about the medical uses of some
isotopes.

Some Isotopes can Save Lives! Isn’t that Amazing?

If excessive radiation can kill, its sustained release can cure or treat
disease. Radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of some elements have
been used to detect and treat certain body ailments. Chromium-
151 is used for monitoring blood flow through the heart. Cobalt-
59or cobalt-60 is used for detecting and treating tumors. Iodine-
131 is used for treating thyroid disorders. A small quantity of the
radioisotope is mixed with naturally occurring stable isotope of the
same element. Both undergo the same reactions together. The
radioisotope goes right to the problem area. For example, I-131
concentrates in the thyroid where its radiation destroys fast growing
cancer cells. Tumor cells grow rapidly than normal cells. The
thyroid gland is then prevented from producing thyroxin, which
causes the hyperactive condition.
Situation:
Maria has an aunt who is suffering from
a disease known as goiter. After studying
about isotopes in Grade 8, she learned
that iodine-131 is an isotope of iodine
that can treat goiter.
Question: If you were Maria, how would
you tell your aunt the benefit of iodine-
131 in treating goiter?
Scoring Rubrics:
3: Discussions do not have misconceptions;
with complete scientific evidence.
2: Discussions do not completely show
scientific evidence.
1: Discussions do not show complete
scientific evidence; with misconceptions.
0: There is no discussion.
INSTRUCTIONS:
The class will be divided into two groups
namely BIKO & VENIGNETTE.

GROUP BIKO – face in front

GROUP VENIGNETTE - about face
PERFORMANCE TASK No. ____ :
a. Identify the groups and periods of the elements.
Tell which element is located in the following
groups and periods.

GROUP BIKO GROUP VENIGNETTE

PERFORMANCE TASK No. ____ :
b. Describe metals, nonmetals, and metalloids;.
For each of the following, label as a metal,
nonmetal, metalloid.

GROUP BIKO GROUP VENIGNETTE