5G Coverage Optimization

CONTENTS
 Overview of 5G NR Coverage Optimization
 5G NR Coverage optimization method
 5G Field Coverage Situation and Common Problems
5G NR Focus on Optimization in The Current Phase

Tool Support Configuration and operation of test tools

such as LMT, CXT and UME

Including basic access, handover, power,

neighbor cell and other parameters. Board-
Parameter Configuration level parameters need to be configured in
accordance with the test results of various
services.

The optimization and adjustment of basic

Coverage Interference coverage planning can effectively control
interference, provide an important basis for
service tests, and is one of the important
tasks of service tests.
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Common Coverage Problems
• 终端脱网，无法注册网络， • 接通率不高，速率
不能为用户提供网络服务 低，用户感知差

覆盖空
弱覆盖
洞

导频污 越区覆
染 盖
• 干扰导致 SINR 差，接通率 • 引入干扰，可能形
© ZTE All rights reserved 不高，下载速率低 成孤岛，无法切
 Coverage Factors in the Radio Signal Propagation Model
Downlink: RSRP (SSB signal receiving power) = SSB signal transmission power + sector-side antenna
gain – propagation loss – building penetration loss – human body loss – cable loss – shadow fading +
terminal antenna gain.
 Terminal performance
 Sending and receiving mode
 Transmit power
 Signal detection algorithm
Space propagation loss

 Site Address  Engineering

Planning quality
 Operating Frequency
 Antenna height  Device stability
 Direct signal transmission Terminal
 Antenna azimuth  Power and
 Signal reflection
 Device frequency
 Signal diffraction
performance
 Penetration loss

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 Causes of Coverage Problems
网络规划问题 工程质量问题 设备异常 工程参
• 站址规划不合理 • 线缆接口施工质量 • 电源不稳定 • 天馈物
• 站高规划不合理 不合格 • GPS 故障 • 频率配
 Unreasonable site  The construction quality
• 方位角规划不合理
planning
• cable
of the 天线物理参数未按
interface is  • 光模块故障
Unstable power supply 
• 功率参
Physical Parameters of

• 下倾角规划不合理
Unreasonable site height 
poor.
规划方案施工  GPS fault • 主设备运用异常
Physical antenna the Antenna Feeder• PCI 配
•
planning
主方向有障碍物
Unreasonable azimuth
• 站点位置未按规划
parameters are not
constructed in
 The optical module is
• 版本 Bug  Frequency Configuration• 邻区配
faulty.
• 无线环境发生变化
planning 方案实施
accordance with the plan.
 The master • 容器吊死
device is not
 Power Parameters
 The site location is not

•
Unreasonable downtilt
新增覆盖需求 • GPSin安装位置不符operating properly.
implemented
• AAU 功率异常
 PCI Configuration
planning  Neighbor cell
合规范
accordance with the plan.  Version bug

• ……
Obstacles in the main  The GPS installation  Container Hanging configuration
direction • 天馈接反等
position does not meet
the requirements.  The AAU power is
 The radio environment is
 Cross connection of abnormal.
changed.
antennas and feeders
 New Coverage
Requirements

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5G NR Coverage Evaluation Index
Recommended Threshold (for
Coverage Indicators Index Name Indicator Details
reference only)
SSB RSRP Ant0~7 >-110
CSI RSRP Ant0~7 >-110
RSRP
PDCCH RSRP Ant0~7 >-110
PDSCH RSRP Ant0~7 >-110
SSB SINR Ant0~7 >-3
CSI SINR Ant0~7 >-3
SINR
PDCCH SINR Ant0~7 >-3
PDSCH SINR Ant0~7 >-3
RSRQ SSB/CSI/PDCCH/PDSCH RSRQ Ant0~7 >-10

Coverage test
Excellent Good Point Middle Point Far Point
point

CSI SINR=15~20 dB CSI SINR=5~10 dB CSI SINR=-5~0 dB

Downlink CSI SINR≥25 dB
(Typical: 20 dB) (Typical value: 10 dB) (Typical value: 0 dB)

PL=95~105 dB PL=110~120 dB
PL≤90 dB, PL≥125 dB,
(Typical value 95 dB), (Typical value 110 dB),
Uplink Corresponding to CSI Corresponding to CSI RSRP<-
Corresponding to CSI RSRP[- Corresponding to CSI
RSRP>-72dBm 107dBm
87, -77] RSRP[-102, -92]

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CONTENTS
 Overview of 5G NR Coverage Optimization
 5G NR Coverage optimization method
 5G NR Optimization Support Tool
 5G Field Coverage Situation and Common Problems
 Optimization Principles of Coverage Problems

01 02 03 04

First, optimize SSB Two keys of coverage Optimize weak Power optimization
RSRP optimization: coverage and based on priorities, and
Then, optimize Eliminating weak overshoot coverage physical antenna feeder
SSB-SINR. coverage. first, and then adjustment and
Eliminating Cross optimize pilot optimization
Coverage pollution. (electrical adjustment
first, and mechanical
adjustment later)

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5G NR Coverage optimization method
1. Adjust engineering parameters.
Adjustment contents: Downtilt, azimuth, pssSssPwr configuration, antenna height, antenna position and site location
adjustment;
Adjustment principle: Adjust the physical parameters of the antenna feeder first, and then the power configuration.
2. Parameter configuration optimization
Basic parameter configuration optimization: Basic parameters such as frequency point, PCI/PRACH, neighbor cell and handover
threshold;
Weight parameter configuration optimization: Massive MIMO intelligent antenna weight configuration optimization (tilt, beam width
etc.).
3. Application of the Channel Coverage Enhancement Technology
SSB/PBCH: Wide beam by default. The beam polling has a gain of 5 dB.
PDCCH: PDCCH Boosting; PDSCH/PDCCH: BC/BF;
SmallCDD: After the function is enabled, the uplink of the terminal is changed from single transmit to 4 transmit. The
uplink has a coverage gain of 5-6 dB.

4. Scenario-Based Product Coverage Solution

Outdoor scenario: An AAU cell or planned site is added, and the product model of the macro station or micro station is selected
reasonably in accordance with the environmental characteristics.
Indoor scenario: The old or newly added Qcell indoor coverage is considered according to the characteristics of the indoor scenario,
or the macro station outdoor coverage is indoor.
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Downtilt Optimization Adjustment Estimation
 When adjusting engineering parameters, use a gradiometer to measure the downtilt angle of the
antenna, and use a compass to measure the azimuth of the antenna.

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 Weight Optimization for Smart Antennas
 The 5G NR adopts the Massive MIMO technology, and supports flexible design and self-adaptive adjustment of
broadcast weight. It consists of four dimensions: "Azimuth offset, downtilt angle, horizontal lobe width and vertical
lobe width."
Azimuth (positive indicates clockwise, negative indicates anticlockwise), title (positive indicates
downtilt and negative indicates uptilt), horizontal lobe width, and vertical lobe width

Macro Coverage High building coverage

0','-6','65','10'; 15','7','30','10'; 0','6','20','20'; 0','-3','25','30';

0','-6','65','10'; 15','7','45','10'; 0','6','20','30'; 0','-3','25','45';

0','0','10','40'; 15','7','65','10'; 0','6','30','20'; 0','-3','25','65';

0','0','20','20'; 15','3','30','10'; 0','6','30','30'; 0','-6','25','30';
0','0','20','30'; 15','3','45','10'; 0','6','65','10'; 0','-6','25','45';
0','0','30','20'; 15','3','65','10'; 0','7','30','10'; '0','-6','25','65';
0','0','30','30'; -15','7','30','10'; 0','7','45','10'; 　
0','0','30','40'; -15','7','45','10'; 0','7','65','10'; 　
0','0','65','10'; -15','7','65','10'; 0','9','45','10'; 　
0','3','30','10'; -15','3','30','10'; 0','9','65','10'; 　
0','3','45','10'; -15','3','45','10'; 0','14','30','10'; 　
0','3','65','10'; -15','3','65','10'; 0','14','45','10'; 　
　 　 0','14','65','10'; 　

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5G NR 2.0 Macro Station Coverage Solution
Indoor cabinet
 General-purpose 19 "standard wide
cabinet
 Auxiliary cabinet specially built for
V9200
 At least 6U space should be
reserved in the cabinet.
 V9200 is the cooling mode of right
inlet air and left outlet air.
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Outdoor cabinet
 Outdoor cabinets use separate
cabinets developed by ZTE –
 The tower company can also be
used to purchase cabinets in a
unified manner.
 It is required to have a depth that
can be put into our V9200.
 And the cooling capacity of the
outdoor cabinet air conditioner
should be at least 2000 W or
above.
AAU A9611
BBU V9200
 Dimensions: 88.4 (H) *482.6 (W) *370
(D) (19 "/2U)  Dimensions: 880*450*150 mm
 Weight: ≤18 kg
 Weight: ≤45 kg
 Power supply mode: -48VDC
 Power supply mode: -48VDC
 Power consumption: <700 W in
 Power consumption: ≤1500 W
typical configuration, <2000 W in full
(light load 1250 W)
configuration (high temperature)
 Frontal area: ≤0.4 m2
 Installation mode: 19-inch cabinet
 Installation mode: Pole, diameter
installation, wall-mounted installation
60~120 mm
 NewCPRI optical module: 25Gbps
5G NR Indoor Coverage Solution
New creation or exchange Capability expasion Long distance expasion

Qcell solution for 5G indoor distribution, matching the construction requirements

of various scenarios for indoor distribution
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 5G NR Panoramic Coverage Solution
Urban Suburb

CBD

Beauty
sport

Residentail
area Stadium

5G NR Various product solutions to meet diversified scenarios and industry requirements

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CONTENTS
 Overview of 5G NR Coverage Optimization
 5G NR Coverage optimization method
 5G Field Coverage Situation and Common Problems
Comparison of NR 3.5 GHz and LTE 2.6 GHz UL
Coverage Test in a Mobile Field
With the same project parameters and North diffraction
point of the elevator Diffraction point at the
considering the actual terminal capability.
on floor 3 corner of the hall on floor 1
For typical coverage distribution locations:
• One-layer penetration diffraction
• Very weak hard penetration field RSR UL
RSR UL System MCS RB
System MCS RB P throughput
• Rear reflection P throughput
LTE -108 15 93 4.5Mbps LTE -108 12.9 93 4.0 Mbps
• Normal LOS strong field 5G -108 10 264 16Mbps 5G -109 9 148 8.5Mbps

Normal Reflection point of the Deep penetration

parking lot outside the point in the west of
building floor 3

Syste UL Syste RSR UL

RSRP MCS RB UL MCS RB
m throughput System RSRP MCS RB m P throughput
throughput
LTE -76 24 95 10.2Mbps LTE -111 10 94 3.5Mbps
LTE -111 11 92 3.4Mpbs
5G -74 28 264 75Mbps 5G -115 9 72 4.5Mbps
5G -110 10 200 14.8Mbps
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 5G NR Common Problems of Coverage Optimization

 Engineering quality problems

 Reverse connection of cells: There is a high probability in the experimental network and
engineering optimization stage. Engineering construction personnel need to strengthen quality
training guidance.
 Antenna feeder problem: The actual azimuth and downtilt of the antenna are quite different from
the planning. Pay attention to the engineering construction quality.
 Optical module loss: The loss of packets is serious, and the model and quality of optical modules
used in some experimental networks are different.
 GPS problem: GPS signals are locked slowly or cannot be locked. The signal detection of adjacent
cells is abnormal. It is found that the GPS feeder is bent excessively. Pay attention to the
engineering quality.

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 5G NR Common Problems of Coverage Optimization
 Network coverage problems
 Weak coverage: The pilot network sites have different commissioning priorities, causing poor continuous
coverage in some network areas.
 Overlapping coverage problem: Some sites are planned directly through Follow4G, and the network
topology is not reasonable, which leads to high overlapping coverage.
 Neighbor cell configuration problem: Some versions of gNB have restrictions on the number of neighbor
cells. Too many neighbor cells affect the handover. The new version has solved the problem.
 Handover parameter configuration: If the handover threshold in the network area is set too large, the
handover may be delayed and the SINR may be reduced. In this case, the handover threshold must be
configured properly.
 PCI configuration problem: The PCI must be configured properly to avoid handover.
 Terminal problems: Some UEs cannot lock satellites or test traffic. In case of any exception, you can
replace them with a new one.

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Thank you!