THE CONCEPT OF VARIABLES

A variable is any entity that can take on different values. So what

does that mean? Anything that can vary can be considered a variable.

A variable is a concept or abstract idea that can be described in

measurable terms. In research, this term refers to the measurable
characteristics, qualities, traits, or attributes of a particular individual,
object, or situation being studied.
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Variables are things that we measure, control, or manipulate in

research. They differ in many respects, most notably in the role
they are given in our research and in the type of measures that
can be applied to them.
TYPES OF VARIABLES

Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Intervening Variables
Extraneous Variables
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
Independent variables are variables which are manipulated or controlled

or changed.


Dependent variables: are the outcome variables and are the variables for

which we calculate statistics.


Independent variables that are not related to the purpose of the
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study, but may affect the dependent variable are termed as

extraneous variables.
Intervening variables: They intervene between cause and
effect
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NOTE; The variable that is used to describe or measure the

problem under study is called the dependent variable. The
variables that are used to describe or measure the factors that are
assumed to influence (or cause) the problem are called
independent variables.
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