MATH-101 Calculus and Analytical Geometry – 3-0 CHs

By

Assoc Prof Dr Anwar Hussain

Lec # 12
 THE CHAIN RULE

In this section we will drive a formula that expresses the

derivative of a composition o in terms of the derivative of ‘’
and ‘’.
Theorem :

If is differentiable at ‘’ and ‘’ is differentiable at . Then the

composition is differentiable at .

Moreover, if and Thus and

= .
 EXAMPLE: Findifand
Solution:
In this case the chain rule computations take the form

1)

1) )
AN ALTERNATIVE VERSION OF THE CHAIN RULE

Derivative of the
outside function Derivative of the
evaluated at the inside inside function.
function.

In other words:

The derivative of is the derivative of the outside function

evaluated at the inside function times the derivative of the inside
function.
EXAMPLE: Findif
Solution: 1st Method

2nd Method Let and express as .

(3)
EXAMPLE: Find
Solution

Let

)
)
EXAMPLE: Find

a)

b)

c)

d)
EXERCISE
 IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION
Up to now we have been concerned with differentiating
functions that are given by equations of the form In this
section we will consider methods for differentiating
functions for which it is inconvenient or impossible to
express them in the from.
In general, it is not necessary to solve an equation for
interms of in order to differentiate the functions defined
implicitly by the equation. To illustrate this, let us consider
the simple equation.
Eq.(1)
One way to find is to rewrite the eq as
Eq.(2)
from which it follows that Eq.(3)
Another way to obtain this derivative is to differentiate both sides of
Eq.(1) before solving for ‘’ in terms of ‘’ treating as a (temporarily
unspecified) differentiable function of with this approach we obtain

=0

If we now substitute Eq.(2) in last expression, we obtain

Which agrees with Eq.(3). This method of obtaining derivatives is

called implicit differentiation.
 EXAMPLE: Use implicit differentiation to find if

Solving for we obtain

Eq. ()
Note that this formula involves both and . In order to find/obtain a formula for
that involves ‘’ alone, we would have to solve the original equation for ‘’ in
terms of ‘’ and the substitute in Eq. () However, this is impossible to do this,
so we are forced to leave the formula for in terms of and .
EXAMPLE: Find the slope of the tangent lines to the curve
at the point and
Solution:
Differentiating implicitly yields

So, slope at point and is

EXERCISE