Name: Sakshi Pravin Rangnekar

Class: BID II, SEM: IV

Roll no: 48
Subject: Environmental Studies
 What is ecosystem?
 An ecosystem can be defined as structural and
functional unit of ecology in which different living
organisms interact with others and surrounding non-
living environments.
 An ecosystem is common term and is widely used in
biology and environmental studies.
 In general, it is known as system or community that
consists of all living organisms and their related non-
living components in nature.
 All such components are directly or indirectly
associated with each other to create ecological
balance.
 Types of ecosystems
 There are different types of ecosystems based on
different, habitats, and life forms. This means that
ecosystems can typically be divided into hundred and
thousands of smaller systems. However, all such types
generally fall into one of the following two categories:
1. Aquatic ecosystems
2. Terrestrial ecosystems
 Aquatic ecosystems
 Aquatic ecosystems refer to all such
ecosystems that are primarily located on or
inside water bodies.
 The nature and characteristics of all living and
non-living organisms in the aquatic systems are
determined based on the environment
surrounding their ecosystem.
 Organisms in these ecosystems interact with
other organisms in aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems
 The aquatic ecosystems is mainly sub-divided
into the following types:

• Freshwater ecosystems:
o Lentic
o Lotic
o Wetlands

• Marine ecosystems
• Freshwater ecosystems: The freshwater ecosystems
for humans and other organisms living on land.
Freshwater ecosystems mainly include lentic,
lotic, and wetlands:
o Lentic: Water bodies that are moving slowly or are
still in some places come under lentic. For example,
ponds, lakes, pools, etc.
o Lotic: Water bodies that are moving at a fast pace fall
under a lotic. For example, streams and rivers.
o Wetlands: Environments characterized by solids
saturated with water for long time fall under
wetlands.
• Marine ecosystems are usually characterized by
the presence of salt content.
• These ecosystems have a higher salt content than
the freshwater ecosystems.
• In particular, this ecosystems includes salt
marshes, lagoons, coral reefs, estuaries, intertidal
zones, seafloor, and deep seas.
 Terrestrial Ecosystem
• Terrestrial ecosystem refers to all such ecosystems
which are mainly located on land.
• Furthermore, the availability of light is somewhat
higher in terrestrial ecosystems that in aquatic
ecosystems.
• Terrestrial ecosystems are mainly classified into the
following types:

1. Forest ecosystems:
2. Grassland ecosystems
3. Mountain ecosystems
4. Desert ecosystems
THANK YOU……..