Black bug bit a big black

bear. But where is the

big black bear that the
big black bug bit?
Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled pepper.
 General

Reference
 Dictionar
y
It contains alphabetically ordered words,
with explanations of their meanings,
often with information about spelling,
syllabication, pronunciation, part of
speech, sometimes the origin,
synonyms and antonyms of words.
Why do we use
dictionaries?
• To learn new words
• To check the meaning of a word
• To check the parts of speech of a word
• To learn multiple meanings of word
• To learn how to pronounce a word
 Parts
of a
Dictionary
 Example
Cognizance /’ka(g)niz (ǝ)ns/ n. (also
cognisance) 1 Knowledge or awareness;
perception, notice. 2 the sphere of one’s
observation or concern. [Middle English
from Old French conoisance, ultimately
from Latin cognoscent- from cognition:see
cognition)
Thesauru
sIt contains synonyms and
antonyms of words.
Atlas
It is a book of maps; it contains
vast amount of information
about the cities of the world –
facts about population,
industries, climates, exports and
imports and the brief history.
A political map focuses solely
on the state and national
boundaries of a place. They
also include the locations of
cities - both large and small,
depending on the detail of
the map.
A physical map is one that shows the
physical landscape features of a place.
They generally show things like
mountains, rivers and lakes and water is
always shown with blue. Mountains and
elevation changes are usually shown with
different colors and shades to show
relief.
A road map shows major and minor
highways and roads. Major
highways on a road map are
generally red and larger than other
roads, while minor roads are a
lighter color and a narrower line.
A thematic map is a map that
focuses on a particular theme
or special topic.
 Encyclopedi
a very useful though brief
It gives
information on the subjects and
people.
A general encyclopedia provides information on a
wide range of subjects. Typically the articles are brief
and do not include in-depth information on the
subject. It is a valuable research tool when you are
searching for background information on a subject or
when trying to locate a specific fact, date, or
concept.
Subject encyclopedias contain information on
just one area of study. The entries are in-depth
and provide much more information than you
would find in a general encyclopedia.
 Almanac
It is full of information on current events. They also
contain social, political and commercial statistics,
sports records, recent laws and their important
facts.
Old Almanac Modern Almanac
 Periodicals
These are publications which are issued at
regular intervals, such as journals,
magazines, and newspapers.
 Journal

Magazine
Newspaper
 Handbook
A handbook is a type of
reference work, or other
collection of instructions, that is
intended to provide ready
reference. This includes country
guides, manuals, etc.
 Handbook
Handbooks may deal with any topic,
and are generally compendiums of
information in a particular field or
about a particular technique. They
are designed to be easily consulted
and provide quick answers in a
certain area.