In-text citation & Reference list

Course subject: Research Methods

Instructor: Nguyen T Bao Trang

1
Which format/style to follow?
•American Psychological Association Style
Or APA Style
(see the quick guide in the Readings materials)
In-text citation
•References made in the text

Swain (2005) proposes three main functions of output. First, while producing
output, learners are confronted with tensions in finding language resources to
express what they want to communicate ….

Storch and Wiggles­worth (2003) also found their ESL learners used L1 to a limited
extent and for similar functions found in the above studies.

Skehan (2003) re-emphasises that ‘real world resemblance’ means “the nature of
the response by the learner … rather than a form of authenticity, defined only in
relation to the real world occurrence of an activity”(p.3, italics added)
References
Whatever references you use in the text, you
need to include them in the References list
placed at the end of the text.
Swain (2005) proposes three main functions of output. First, while producing
output, learners are confronted with tensions in finding language resources to
express what they want to communicate ….
Storch and Wiggles­worth (2003) also found their ESL learners used L1 to a limited
extent and for similar functions found in the above studies.
Skehan (2003) re-emphasises that ‘real world resemblance’ means “the nature of
the response by the learner … rather than a form of authenticity, defined only in
relation to the real world occurrence of an activity”(p.3, italics added)

References
Skehan, P. (2003). Task-based instruction. Language Teaching Research, 36(1), 1-
14.
Storch, N., & Wigglesworth, G. (2003). Is there a role for the use of the L1 in an L2
setting? TESOL Quarterly, 37(4), 760-770.
Swain, M. (2005). The output hypothesis: Theory and research. In E. Hinkel (Ed.),
Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (pp. 471-483).
Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
In-text citation
•Cite any author you find relevant to your research, in any
order you want

References
Place authors in alphabetical order regardless of their
order in the text
PRACTICE
Follow the quick guide in the Readings materials and
practicing citing the materials and building a
reference list as attached.

Identify the type of material (journal article, book chapter,

book, edited books, etc.) and cite them in the APA format.