UND ER STAN DI NG

CU LTURE , SO C I ETY
A ND P O LI TI CS

11-Bonifacio
 CULTURE AND SOCIETY
1 2

CULTURE- A shared set of SOCIETY - is a group of people

ideas, norms, and behaviors interacting with each other and having a
common to a group of people common culture; sharing common
inhabiting a geographic geographical or territorial domain, and
location. having relatively common aspirations.
 TYPES OF SOCIETIES
A. Pre- Industrial Societies
During the pre-industrial society, the main economic activity is
food production carried out through the utilization of human and
animal labor. these societies are subdivided according to their level
of technology and their method of producing food. These are
hunting and gathering societies, pastoral societies, horticultural
societies, agricultural societies, and feudal societies.
 Hunting and gathering
society
- In these societies main
method of food production
is collection of wild plants
and the hunting of wild
animals on a daily basis.
Human gather and hunt
around for foods as
nomads.
 Pastoral society
The prevailing method food
production during this
period is through
pastoralism, more efficient
than the subsistence
method.
 Horticultural Society
These societies have
learned how to raise fruits
and vegetables grown in the
garden plots that have
provided them their main
source of food.
.
 Agrarian Society
Societies which applied
agricultural technological
advances to cultivate crops
over a large area.
 Feudal Society
As an offshoot of
increased food chain,
several groups become
wealthy and able to
acquire lands and
declared these as their
own domain. It is based
on ownership of land.
 INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY

An economic system emerged between the 15th and 16th

centuries began to replace feudalism. This is capitalism, the
predominant economic system of industrial societies.
Capitalism, characterized by free competition, free market
and the right to acquire private property, emerged. The
introduction of foreign metals, silk, and spices in the market
stimulated greater commercial activity in European societies
 C. POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
M o r e a d v a n c e d s o c i e t i e s , c a l l e d p o s t - i n d u s t r i a l s o c i e t i e s , d o m i n a t e d b y i n f o r m a t i o n , s e r v i c e s ,
a n d h i g h t e c h n o l o g y, s u r f a c e d . T h e s e h a l l m a r k s o f t h e s e s o c i e t i e s w e r e b e y o n d t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f
g o o d s . A d v a n c e d i n d u s t r i a l s o c i e t i e s a r e s h i f t i n g t o w a r d a n i n c r e a s e i n s e r v i c e s e c t o r s o v e r
m a n u f a c t u r i n g a n d p r o d u c t i o n
 D. MODERN SOCIETIES

Our highly industrialized modern society is characterized by

mass production of all essential products such that the
subsistence level of food production is now a thing of the
past. Products are sold in markets in large quantities.
 CULTURE

Culture is “that complex whole which includes

knowledge, beliefs, arts, morals, laws, customs and any
other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a
member of society.” (Edward B. Tylor) The Cambridge
English Dictionary states that culture is “the way of life,
especially the general customs and beliefs, of a
particular group of people at a particular time.”
 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
1. Culture is learned. The different habits, skills, values and knowledge are acquired or
learned in the course of a person’s life. This is what we call enculturation, the acquisition
of knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values that enable men to become active members of
their communities.
2. Culture is transmitted. Culture within a social group is transmitted to succeeding
generations through imitation, instruction and example, in the form of attitudes, values,
beliefs and behavioral scripts are passed onto and taught to individuals and groups.
3. Culture is adaptive. All culture is changes. Changes in the environment are caused by
inventions and discoveries. Man is capable of adjusting to his environment. Adaption is
the process of change in response to a new environment. It is one component of
acculturation, which relates to the change
in a group’s culture or the change in individual psychology in response to a new
environment.
4. Culture is gratifying. Culture provides satisfaction for man’s biological and socio-
cultural needs, foods, clothing, and shelter for various relationships with other individuals
and groups.
5. Culture is symbolic. Through culture man can communicate with other people using
language. Symbols must be understood by all to be an effective tool of communication; to
allow people to develop complex thoughts and to exchange
those thoughts with others.
 MAIN TYPES OF CULTURE
Material culture deals with the physical culture including
contemporary technology, artifacts relics, fossils, and other
tangible remains of cultural development, past and present.
Material culture refers to the tangible and concrete objects
produced by main in the process of social development.
Non-material culture deals with the intangibles including values,
norms, beliefs, traditions, and customs that collectively hold a
society and shape individuals are they interact within society.
Thank you and God bless! :)