MEMORY SYSTEM

IN A COMPUTER
MEMORY
SYSTEM
The memory system serves as the repository of information (data) in a
computer system. The processor (also called the central processing
unit, or CPU) accesses (reads or loads) data from the memory system,
performs computations on them, and stores (writes) them back to
memory.

The memory system is a collection of storage locations. Each storage

location, or memory word, has a numerical address. A collection of
storage locations from an address space.

Memory is an information processing system; therefore, we often

compare it to a computer. Memory is the set of processes used to
encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time.
SECONDAR
Y
COMPUTER
Data storage is a common term for archiving data or information in a storage
medium for use by a computer. It’s one of the basic yet fundamental functions
performed by a computer. It’s like a hierarchy of comprehensive storage solution for
fast access to computer resources. A computer stores data or information using
several methods, which leads to different levels of data storage.

Secondary storage is yet another ideal storage solution in the computer’s memory
hierarchy that is used to store data or information on the long term basis, more like
permanently. Unlike primary storage, they are non-volatile memory or commonly
referred to as external memory that are not directly accessed by the central
processing unit. They are also called as auxiliary storage which can be both internal
and external, plus beyond the primary storage. Because they are not directly accessed
by the I/O channels, they are relatively slower than primary storage devices when it
comes to data access. However, it’s one of the most valuable assets of data storage
hierarchy that is capable of storing applications and programs permanently. Unlike
RAM, it’s a long-term storage solution that expands the data storage capability.
Common example of secondary storage includes hard disk drives (HDD) which is
the most common data storage device used to store and retrieve digital information.
It’s a high-capacity secondary storage device which also comes in internal storage
mediums as internal hard drives. It’s one of the most versatile mediums of data
storage that uses magnetic storage to archive applications or data permanently.
Other examples of secondary storage include optical media such as CDs and
DVDs which are capable of storing any substantial amount of data; magnetic tapes
which are conventional methods of data storage used across corporate
environments. However, secondary storage devices are quite slower than their
primary counterparts, which make them relatively cheaper but equally efficient.
Primary storage is the most common form of data storage
which typically refers to the random access memory (RAM). It
refers to the main storage of the computer because it holds data
and applications that are currently in use by the computer.
Then, there is secondary storage which refers to the external
storage devices and other external media such as hard drive
and optical media.
DIFFERENCE OF
PRIMARY AND
SECONDARY
MEMORY
Difference between Primary Memory and Secondary Memory
Memory is the brain of the computer which stores data and information for
storing and retrieving.
Just like a human brain, memory is the storage space of the computer – like a
physical device – that is capable of storing data or programs temporarily or
permanently.

Memory is a fundamental component of the computer that is categorized

into primary and secondary memory. Primary memory is the main memory of
the computer which can be directly accessed by the central processing unit,
whereas secondary memory refers to the external storage device which can be
used to store data or information permanently. While both serve the same
purpose; that is to store data or instructions for further processing by the CPU,
they do it very differently. Let’s take a look at the two in detail.
PRIMARY MEMORY
What is Primary Memory?
Primary memory, also known as the main memory, is the area in a computer which
stores data and information for fast access.

Semiconductor chips are the principle technology used for primary memory. It’s a

memory which is used to store frequently used programs which can be directly
accessed by the processing unit for further processing. It’s a volatile memory
meaning the data is stored temporarily and is liable to change or lose in case of
power failure.

In simple terms, data is intact as long as the computer is running and the moment it’s
off, data is lost. Every application on the computer first loads into the random access
memory (RAM) which makes is faster to access. The term is more ambiguous, since
it also refers to internal memory such as internal storage devices.
Secondary Memory
Secondary memory is the external memory of the computer which can be used to
store data and information on a long-term basis. It’s a non-volatile memory which
means data stays intact even if the computer is turned off. Data cannot be directly
processed by the processing unit in secondary memory; in fact, it is first transferred
into the main memory and then it’s transferred back to the processing unit.

Secondary memory refers to all external storage devices that are capable of storing
high volumes of data such as hard drives, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, USB flash
drives, CDs, DVDs, etc. It’s generally slower than primary memory but can store
substantial amount of data, in the range of gigabytes to terabytes.
SECONDARY MEMORY
PRIMARY STORAGE
DEVICES
A Primary storage device is any storage device or component that can store nonvolatile data in
computers, servers and other computing devices. It is used to hold/store data and applications
temporarily or for a shorter period of time while the computer is running.

 
Primary storage devices: includes Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory
(ROM), cache and flash memory. Each of these have different uses within the computer.

Random Access Memory (RAM) - RAM gives applications a place to store and access data on a short-term
basis. It stores the information your computer is actively using so that it can be accessed quickly. 

Read Only Memory (ROM) - ROM is a non-volatile memory type. This means it receives data and
permanently writes it on a chip, and it lasts even after you turn off your computer.

Ache What is cache used for?

Caches are used to store temporary files, using hardware and software components.
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