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OF THE CURRENT ENTERING THE BUS BAR IS EQUAL TO THE SUM OF CURRENT
HOWEVER, WHEN FAULTS OCCURS WITHIN THE PROTECTED ZONE ( BUS- BAR),
DIFFERENTIAL
LINEAR COUPLERS
BLO C K
POSSIBLE SATURATION OF FEEDER CTS.
50 50 50 50 50
BLOCKING SIGNAL COULD BE SENT
CT SATURATION.
ZC = 2 – 20 - typical coil impedance
External 59
0V
Fault 40 V 10 V 10 V 0V 20 V
If = 8000 A
2000 2000 A 0 4000
A A A
ESEC= IPRIM*XM - SECONDARY VOLTAGE ON RELAY TERMINALS
IR= IPRIM*XM /(ZR+ZC) – MINIMUM OPERATING CURRENT
WHERE,
IPRIM – PRIMARY CURRENT IN EACH CIRCUIT
XM–LINER COUPLER MUTUAL REACTANCE (5V PER 1000AMPS => 0.005
@ 60HZ ),
ZR – RELAY TAP IMPEDANCE
ZC – SUM OF ALL LINEAR COUPLER SELF IMPEDANCES
If = 8000 A Internal Bus
Fault
59
40 V
0V 10 V 10 V 0V 20 V
REQUIRE DEDICATED AIR GAP CTS, WHICH MAY NOT BE USED FOR ANY
OTHER PROTECTION.
CANNOT BE EASILY APPLIED TO RECONFIGURABLE BUSES.
DIGITALLY.
CT RATIO MATCHING DONE INTERNALLY (NO AUXILIARY CTS).
BUSES.
DONE DIGITALLY WITH LOGIC TO ADD/REMOVE CURRENT INPUTS
RETROFIT APPLICATIONS.
THE CHANCES OF FAULTS OCCURING ON THE FEEDER (TRANSMISSION
B) DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION
C) DISTANCE PROTECTION
IN TIME GRADED OVER CURRENT PROTECTION SCHEME, THE TIME