ENVIRONMENT:

The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

Environmental studies incorporates more of the social sciences for understanding human relationships, perceptions and policies towards the
environment.
Environmental engineering is the application of scientific and engineering principles to improve and maintain the environment to: protect
human health, protect nature's beneficial ecosystems, and improve environmental-related enhancement of the quality of human life.

SCOPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE:

The scope of environmental studies is very wide and it deals with many areas like i) Conservation of natural resources, ii) ecological aspects, iii)
pollution of the surrounding natural resources, iv) controlling the pollution, v) social issues connected to it, and vi) impacts of human population
on the environment.

Fields Related to Environmental Science

Ecology
Environmental Studies
Environmental Engineering
Components of Environmental Science
Atmospheric Sciences
Environmental Chemistry
Forestry and Agricultural Sciences
Geosciences
Oceanography and Marine Sciences
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DIFFERENT FROM ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES:

Environmental Science focuses on the study of natural systems and the application of technology to protect and improve the
environment while Environmental Studies focuses on the interaction between human and natural systems and the connection
between science and policy.

OBJECTIVE OF EVS:

(a)Creating the awareness about environmental problems among people.

(b)Imparting basic knowledge about the environment and its allied problems.

(c)Developing an attitude of concern for the environment.

(d) Motivating public to participate in environment protection and environment improvement.

AIM OF EVS:

UNESCO has highlighted the following aims of environmental education:

The aim of environmental education is clearly to show the economic, social, political and ecological interdependence of the
modern world, in which decisions and actions by different countries can have international repercussions. Environmental
education should, in this regard, help to develop a sense of responsibility and solidarity among countries and regions as the
foundation for a new international order which will guarantee the conservation and improvement of the environment.

The main aim of environmental education at the grass root level is to succeed in making individuals and communities
understand the complex nature of the natural and the built environments. Further, to acquire the knowledge, values,
attitudes, and practical skills to participate in a responsible and effective way in anticipating and solving social problems, and
in the management of the quality of the environment.
CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DGRADATION:

Social Factors:

Population: It is an important source of development, yet it is a major source of environmental degradation when it exceeds the
threshold limits of the support systems.

Urbanisation: Lack of oppor tunities for gainful employment in villages and the ecological stresses is leading to an ever
increasing movement of poor families to towns.

Poverty:It is said to be both cause and effect of environmental degradation. The circular link between pover ty and
environment is an extremely complex phenomenon.

Economic factors:

To a large extent, environmental degradation is the result of market failure, that is, the non existent or poorly functioning
markets for environmental goods and services.

In this context, environmental degradation is a particular case of consumption or production externalities reflected by
divergence between private and social costs (or benefits).

Lack of well defined property rights may be one of the reasons for such market failure. On the other hand, Market distortions
created by price controls and subsidies may aggravate the achievement of environmental objectives.

Institutional factors:

There is no effective coordination amongst various Ministries/Institutions regarding integration of environmental concerns at
the inception/planning stage of the project.

Current policies are also fragmented across several Government agencies with differing policy mandates.

Lack of trained personnel and comprehensive database delay many projects.

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT:

The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 authorizes the central government to protect and improve environmental quality,
control and reduce pollution from all sources, and prohibit or restrict the setting and /or operation of any industrial facility on
environmental grounds.

WILDLIFE PROTECTION ACT (1972):

The wild animal becomes too dangerous for humans or;

disabled or suffering from a disease from which it cannot recover.

Prohibition of Cutting/Uprooting Certain Plants: It does not permit the uprooting, damaging, possessing or selling of any
specified plant from any forest land or any protected area.

FOREST CONSERVATION ACT (1980):

The Forest (Conservation) Act of 1980 (FCA, 1980) is an act by the Parliament of India which ensures conservation of forest
and its resources.

It was enacted by the Parliament of India in order to control the ongoing deforestation of the forests of India. It came into
force on October 25, 1980 containing five sections.

ENVIORNMENTAL EDUCATION:

Awareness and sensitivity to the environment and environmental challenges. THANKYOU

Knowledge and understanding of the environment and environmental challenges. BY MOHAMMAD IMRAN
Attitudes of concern for the environment and motivation to improve or maintain environmental quality.
3rd YEAR